# This class fakes some behavior of
# ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess.
# It doesn't convert recursively.
class FakeHashWithIndifferentAccess < Hash
  class << self
    def from_hash(hsh)
      new_hsh = new
      hsh.each do |key, value|
        new_hsh[key] = value
      end
      new_hsh
    end
  end

  def [](key)
    super(key.to_s)
  end

  def []=(key, value)
    super(key.to_s, value)
  end

  def key?(key)
    super(key.to_s)
  end

  def to_hash
    new_hsh = ::Hash.new
    each do |key, value|
      new_hsh[key] = value
    end
    new_hsh
  end
end

# Some custom hashes don't support fuzzy matching
class CaseInsensitiveHash < Hash
  class << self
    def from_hash(hsh)
      new_hsh = new
      hsh.each do |key, value|
        new_hsh[key] = value
      end
      new_hsh
    end
  end

  def include?(key)
    super(key.downcase)
  end
  alias :key? :include?
end

RSpec.describe "#include matcher" do
  include RSpec::Support::Spec::DiffHelpers

  it "is diffable" do
    expect(include("a")).to be_diffable
  end

  shared_examples_for "a Hash target" do
    def build_target(hsh)
      hsh
    end

    def use_string_keys_in_failure_message?
      false
    end

    def convert_key(key)
      use_string_keys_in_failure_message? ? "\"#{key}\"" : ":#{key}"
    end

    it 'passes if target has the expected as a key' do
      expect(build_target(:key => 'value')).to include(:key)
    end

    it 'passes if target has the expected as a key fuzzily matched' do
      expect(build_target('KEY' => 'value')).to include(match(/key/i))
    end

    it "fails if target does not include expected" do
      failure_string = %(expected {#{convert_key(:key)} => "value"} to include :other)
      expect {
        expect(build_target(:key => 'value')).to include(:other)
      }.to fail_matching(failure_string)
    end

    it "fails if target doesn't have a key and we expect nil" do
      expect {
        expect(build_target({})).to include(:something => nil)
      }.to fail_matching("expected {} to include {:something => nil}")
    end

    it 'works even when an entry in the hash overrides #send' do
      hash = build_target(:key => 'value')
      def hash.send; :sent; end
      expect(hash).to include(hash)
    end

    it 'provides a valid diff' do
      allow(RSpec::Matchers.configuration).to receive(:color?).and_return(false)

      failure_string = if use_string_keys_in_failure_message?
                         dedent(<<-END)
                           |Diff:
                           |@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
                           |-:bar => 3,
                           |-:foo => 1,
                           |+"bar" => 2,
                           |+"foo" => 1,
                         END
                       else
                         diff = dedent(<<-END)
                           |Diff:
                           |@@ #{one_line_header(3)} @@
                           |-:bar => 3,
                           |+:bar => 2,
                         END
                         diff << "\n :foo => 1,\n" if Diff::LCS::VERSION.to_f < 1.4
                         diff
                       end

      expect {
        expect(build_target(:foo => 1, :bar => 2)).to include(:foo => 1, :bar => 3)
      }.to fail_including(failure_string)
    end

    it 'provides a valid diff for fuzzy matchers' do
      allow(RSpec::Matchers.configuration).to receive(:color?).and_return(false)

      failure_string = if use_string_keys_in_failure_message?
                         dedent(<<-END)
                           |Diff:
                           |@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
                           |-(match /FOO/i) => 1,
                           |-:bar => 3,
                           |+"bar" => 2,
                           |+"foo" => 1,
                         END
                       else
                         dedent(<<-END)
                           |Diff:
                           |@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
                           |-(match /FOO/i) => 1,
                           |-:bar => 3,
                           |+:bar => 2,
                           |+:foo => 1,
                         END
                       end

      expect {
        expect(build_target(:foo => 1, :bar => 2)).to include(match(/FOO/i) => 1, :bar => 3)
      }.to fail_including(failure_string)
    end

    it 'does not support count constraint' do
      expect {
        expect(build_target(:key => 'value')).to include(:other).once
      }.to raise_error(NotImplementedError)
    end
  end

  describe "expect(...).to include(with_no_args)" do
    it "fails correctly" do
      expect { expect([1, 2, 3]).to include }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
    end
  end

  describe "expect(...).to include(with_one_arg)" do
    it_behaves_like "an RSpec value matcher", :valid_value => [1, 2], :invalid_value => [1] do
      let(:matcher) { include(2) }
    end

    context "for an object that does not respond to `include?`" do
      it 'fails gracefully' do
        expect {
          expect(5).to include(1)
        }.to fail_matching("expected 5 to include 1, but it does not respond to `include?`")
        expect {
          expect(5).to include(1).once
        }.to fail_matching("expected 5 to include 1 once, but it does not respond to `include?`")
      end
    end

    context "for an arbitrary object that responds to `include?`" do
      let(:container) { double("Container") }
      before { allow(container).to receive(:include?) { |arg| arg == :stuff } }

      it 'delegates to `include?`' do
        expect(container).to include(:stuff)

        expect {
          expect(container).to include(:space)
        }.to fail_matching("to include :space")
      end

      it 'refuses to count inclusions' do
        expect {
          expect(container).to include(:stuff).once
        }.to raise_error(NotImplementedError, /Count constraints/)
      end
    end

    context "for an arbitrary object that responds to `include?` and `to_hash`" do
      it "delegates to `include?`" do
        container = double("Container", :include? => true, :to_hash => { "foo" => "bar" })
        expect(container).to receive(:include?).with("foo").and_return(true)
        expect(container).to include("foo")
      end
    end

    context "for a string target" do
      it "passes if target includes expected" do
        expect("abc").to include("a")
      end

      it "passes if target matches a regexp" do
        expect("abc").to include(/[cba]{3}/)
      end

      it "fails if target does not include expected" do
        expect {
          expect("abc").to include("d")
        }.to fail_matching("expected \"abc\" to include \"d\"")
      end

      it "includes a diff when actual is multiline" do
        expect {
          expect("abc\ndef").to include("g")
        }.to fail_matching("expected \"abc\\ndef\" to include \"g\"\nDiff")
      end

      it "includes a diff when actual is multiline and there are multiple expecteds" do
        expect {
          expect("abc\ndef").to include("g", "h")
        }.to fail_matching("expected \"abc\\ndef\" to include \"g\" and \"h\"\nDiff")
      end

      it "does not diff when lines match but are not an exact match" do
        expect {
          expect(" foo\nbar\nbazz").to include("foo", "bar", "gaz")
        }.to fail_with(a_string_not_matching(/Diff/i))
      end

      context "with exact count" do
        it 'fails if the string contains the wrong number of occurences' do
          expect {
            expect('foo bar foo').to include('foo').once
          }.to fail_with(/expected "foo bar foo" to include "foo" once but it is included twice/)
          expect {
            expect('foo bar foo').to include(/[of]{3}/).once
          }.to fail_with(/expected "foo bar foo" to include \/\[of\]\{3\}\/ once but it is included twice/)
        end

        it 'passes if the string contains the correct number of occurences' do
          expect('fooo bar').to include('oo').once
          expect('fooo bar').to include('o').thrice
          expect('fooo ooo oo bar foo').to include('oo').exactly(4).times
          expect('fooo ooo oo bar foo').to include(/fo{2}/).exactly(2).times
        end
      end

      context "with at_least count" do
        it 'passes if the search term is included at least the number of times' do
          expect('foo bar foo').to include('foo').at_least(2).times
          expect('foo bar foo foo').to include('foo').at_least(:twice)
        end

        it 'fails if the search term is included too few times' do
          expect {
            expect('foo bar foo').to include('foo').at_least(:thrice)
          }.to fail_with(/expected "foo bar foo" to include "foo" at least 3 times but it is included twice/)
        end
      end

      context "with at_most count" do
        it 'passes if the search term is included at most the number of times' do
          expect('foo bar foo').to include('foo').at_most(2).times
          expect('foo bar').to include('foo').at_most(:twice)
        end

        it 'fails if the search term is included too many times' do
          expect {
            expect('foo bar foo foo').to include('foo').at_most(:twice)
          }.to fail_with(/expected "foo bar foo foo" to include "foo" at most twice but it is included 3 times/)
        end
      end
    end

    context "for an array target" do
      it "passes if target includes expected" do
        expect([1, 2, 3]).to include(3)
      end

      it "passes if target includes expected fuzzily matched" do
        expect(["A", "B", "C"]).to include(match(/a/i))
      end

      it "fails if target does not include expected" do
        expect {
          expect([1, 2, 3]).to include(4)
        }.to fail_matching("expected [1, 2, 3] to include 4")
      end

      it 'fails when given differing null doubles' do
        dbl_1 = double.as_null_object
        dbl_2 = double.as_null_object

        expect {
          expect([dbl_1]).to include(dbl_2)
        }.to fail_matching("expected [#{dbl_1.inspect}] to include")
      end

      it 'passes when given the same null double' do
        dbl = double.as_null_object
        expect([dbl]).to include(dbl)
      end

      context "with exact count" do
        it 'fails if the block yields wrong number of times' do
          expect {
            expect([1, 2, 1]).to include(1).once
          }.to fail_with('expected [1, 2, 1] to include 1 once but it is included twice')
          expect {
            expect([10, 20, 30]).to include(a_value_within(2).of(17)).twice
          }.to fail_with('expected [10, 20, 30] to include (a value within 2 of 17) twice but it is included 0 times')
        end

        it 'passes if the block yields the specified number of times' do
          expect([1, 2, 1]).to include(1).twice
          expect([10, 20, 30]).to include(a_value_within(5).of(17)).once
          expect([{ 'a' => 1 }]).to include('a' => 1).once
        end
      end

      context "with at_least count" do
        it 'passes if the search term is included at least the number of times' do
          expect([1, 2, 1]).to include(1).at_least(2).times
          expect([1, 2, 1, 1]).to include(1).at_least(:twice)
        end

        it 'fails if the search term is included too few times' do
          expect {
            expect([1, 2, 1]).to include(1).at_least(:thrice)
          }.to fail_with('expected [1, 2, 1] to include 1 at least 3 times but it is included twice')
        end
      end

      context "with at_most count" do
        it 'passes if the search term is included at most the number of times' do
          expect([1, 2, 1]).to include(1).at_most(2).times
          expect([1, 2]).to include(1).at_most(:twice)
        end

        it 'fails if the search term is included too many times' do
          expect {
            expect([1, 2, 1, 1]).to include(1).at_most(:twice)
          }.to fail_with('expected [1, 2, 1, 1] to include 1 at most twice but it is included 3 times')
        end
      end
    end

    context "for a hash target" do
      it_behaves_like "a Hash target"
    end

    context "for a target that subclasses Hash to treat string/symbol keys interchangeably, but returns a raw hash from #to_hash" do
      it_behaves_like "a Hash target" do
        undef :build_target # to prevent "method redefined" warning
        def build_target(hsh)
          FakeHashWithIndifferentAccess.from_hash(hsh)
        end

        undef :use_string_keys_in_failure_message? # to prevent "method redefined" warning
        def use_string_keys_in_failure_message?
          true
        end
      end
    end

    context "for a target that subclasses Hash to perform custom key checks like downcasing" do
      it_behaves_like "a Hash target" do
        undef :build_target # to prevent "method redefined" warning
        def build_target(hsh)
          CaseInsensitiveHash.from_hash(hsh)
        end
      end
    end

    context "for a target that can pass for a hash" do
      def build_target(hsh)
        PseudoHash.new(hsh)
      end

      around do |example|
        in_sub_process_if_possible do
          require 'delegate'

          class PseudoHash < SimpleDelegator
          end

          example.run
        end
      end

      it_behaves_like "a Hash target"
    end
  end

  describe "expect(...).to include(with, multiple, args)" do
    it "has a description" do
      matcher = include("a")
      expect(matcher.description).to eq("include \"a\"")
    end

    context "for a string target" do
      it "passes if target includes all items" do
        expect("a string").to include("str", "a")
      end

      it "fails if target does not include one of the items" do
        expect {
          expect("a string").to include("str", "a", "foo")
        }.to fail_matching('expected "a string" to include "foo"')
      end

      it "fails if target does not include two of the items" do
        expect {
          expect("a string").to include("nope", "a", "nada", "str")
        }.to fail_matching('expected "a string" to include "nope" and "nada"')
      end

      it "fails if target does not include many of the items" do
        expect {
          expect("a string").to include("nope", "a", "nada", "nein", "ing", "str")
        }.to fail_matching('expected "a string" to include "nope", "nada", and "nein"')
      end
    end

    context "for an array target" do
      it "passes if target includes all items" do
        expect([1, 2, 3]).to include(1, 2, 3)
      end

      it "passes if target includes all items fuzzily matched" do
        expect(["A", "B", "C"]).to include(match(/b/i), "A")
      end

      it "fails if target does not include one of the items" do
        expect {
          expect([1, 2, 3]).to include(1, 2, 4)
        }.to fail_matching("expected [1, 2, 3] to include 4")
      end

      it "fails if target does not include two of the items" do
        expect {
          expect([1, 2, 3]).to include(5, 1, 2, 4)
        }.to fail_matching("expected [1, 2, 3] to include 5 and 4")
      end

      it "fails if target does not include many of the items" do
        expect {
          expect([1, 2, 3]).to include(5, 1, 6, 2, 4)
        }.to fail_matching("expected [1, 2, 3] to include 5, 6, and 4")
      end

      it 'correctly diffs lists of hashes' do
        allow(RSpec::Matchers.configuration).to receive(:color?).and_return(false)

        expect {
          expect([
            { :number => 1 },
            { :number => 2 },
            { :number => 3 }
          ]).to include(
            { :number => 1 },
            { :number => 0 },
            { :number => 3 }
          )
        }.to fail_including(dedent(<<-END))
          |Diff:
          |@@ #{one_line_header} @@
          |-[{:number=>1}, {:number=>0}, {:number=>3}]
          |+[{:number=>1}, {:number=>2}, {:number=>3}]
        END
      end
    end

    context "for a hash target" do
      it 'passes if target includes all items as keys' do
        expect({ :key => 'value', :other => 'value' }).to include(:key, :other)
      end

      it "passes if target includes all items as keys fuzzily matched" do
        expect({ "A" => "B", "C" => "D" }).to include(match(/c/i), "A")
      end

      it 'fails if target does not include one of the items as a key' do
        expect {
          expect({ :key => 'value', :this => 'that' }).to include(:key, :nope, :this)
        }.to fail_with(%r|expected #{hash_inspect :key => "value", :this => "that"} to include :nope|)
      end

      it "fails if target does not include two of the items as keys" do
        expect {
          expect({ :key => 'value', :this => 'that' }).to include(:nada, :key, :nope, :this)
        }.to fail_with(%r|expected #{hash_inspect :key => "value", :this => "that"} to include :nada and :nope|)
      end

      it "fails if target does not include many of the items as keys" do
        expect {
          expect({ :key => 'value', :this => 'that' }).to include(:nada, :key, :nope, :negative, :this)
        }.to fail_with(%r|expected #{hash_inspect :key => "value", :this => "that"} to include :nada, :nope, and :negative|)
      end
    end

    it 'does not implement count constraints' do
      expect {
        expect('').to include('foo', 'bar').once
      }.to raise_error(NotImplementedError)
      expect {
        expect('').to include('foo', 'bar').at_least(:twice)
      }.to raise_error(NotImplementedError)
      expect {
        expect('').to include('foo', 'bar').at_most(:twice)
      }.to raise_error(NotImplementedError)
    end
  end

  describe "expect(...).not_to include(expected)" do
    context "for an object that does not respond to `include?`" do
      it 'fails gracefully' do
        expect {
          expect(5).not_to include(1)
        }.to fail_matching("expected 5 not to include 1, but it does not respond to `include?`")
      end
    end

    context "for an arbitrary object that responds to `include?`" do
      it 'delegates to `include?`' do
        container = double("Container")
        allow(container).to receive(:include?) { |arg| arg == :stuff }

        expect(container).not_to include(:space)

        expect {
          expect(container).not_to include(:stuff)
        }.to fail_matching("not to include :stuff")
      end
    end

    context "for a string target" do
      it "passes if target does not include expected" do
        expect("abc").not_to include("d")
      end

      it "fails if target includes expected" do
        expect {
          expect("abc").not_to include("c")
        }.to fail_with("expected \"abc\" not to include \"c\"")
      end

      context "with exact count" do
        it 'passes if the block yields wrong number of times' do
          expect('foo bar foo').not_to include('foo').once
        end

        it 'fails if the block yields the specified number of times' do
          expect {
            expect('fooo bar').not_to include('oo').once
          }.to fail_with(/expected "fooo bar" not to include "oo" once but it is included once/)
        end
      end

      context "with at_least count" do
        it 'fails if the search term is included at least the number of times' do
          expect {
            expect('foo bar foo foo').not_to include('foo').at_least(:twice)
          }.to fail_with(/expected "foo bar foo foo" not to include "foo" at least twice but it is included 3 times/)
        end

        it 'passes if the search term is included too few times' do
          expect('foo bar foo').not_to include('foo').at_least(:thrice)
        end
      end

      context "with at_most count" do
        it 'fails if the search term is included at most the number of times' do
          expect {
            expect('foo bar').not_to include('foo').at_most(:twice)
          }.to fail_with(/expected "foo bar" not to include "foo" at most twice but it is included once/)
        end

        it 'passes if the search term is included too many times' do
          expect('foo bar foo foo').not_to include('foo').at_most(:twice)
        end
      end
    end

    context "for an array target" do
      it "passes if target does not include expected" do
        expect([1, 2, 3]).not_to include(4)
      end

      it "fails if target includes expected" do
        expect {
          expect([1, 2, 3]).not_to include(3)
        }.to fail_with("expected [1, 2, 3] not to include 3")
      end

      it 'passes when given differing null doubles' do
        expect([double.as_null_object]).not_to include(double.as_null_object)
      end

      it 'fails when given the same null double' do
        dbl = double.as_null_object

        expect {
          expect([dbl]).not_to include(dbl)
        }.to fail_matching("expected [#{dbl.inspect}] not to include")
      end
    end

    context "for a hash target" do
      it 'passes if target does not have the expected as a key' do
        expect({ :other => 'value' }).not_to include(:key)
      end

      it "fails if target includes expected key" do
        expect {
          expect({ :key => 'value' }).not_to include(:key)
        }.to fail_matching('expected {:key => "value"} not to include :key')
      end
    end

  end

  describe "expect(...).not_to include(with, multiple, args)" do
    context "for a string target" do
      it "passes if the target does not include any of the expected" do
        expect("abc").not_to include("d", "e", "f")
      end

      it "fails if the target includes all of the expected" do
        expect {
          expect("abc").not_to include("c", "a")
        }.to fail_with('expected "abc" not to include "c" and "a"')
      end

      it "fails if the target includes one (but not all) of the expected" do
        expect {
          expect("abc").not_to include("d", "a")
        }.to fail_with('expected "abc" not to include "a"')
      end

      it "fails if the target includes two (but not all) of the expected" do
        expect {
          expect("abc").not_to include("d", "a", "b")
        }.to fail_with('expected "abc" not to include "a" and "b"')
      end

      it "fails if the target includes many (but not all) of the expected" do
        expect {
          expect("abcd").not_to include("b", "d", "a", "f")
        }.to fail_with('expected "abcd" not to include "b", "d", and "a"')
      end
    end

    context "for a hash target" do
      it "passes if it does not include any of the expected keys" do
        expect({ :a => 1, :b => 2 }).not_to include(:c, :d)
      end

      it "fails if the target includes all of the expected keys" do
        expect {
          expect({ :a => 1, :b => 2 }).not_to include(:a, :b)
        }.to fail_with(%r|expected #{hash_inspect :a => 1, :b => 2} not to include :a and :b|)
      end

      it "fails if the target includes one (but not all) of the expected keys" do
        expect {
          expect({ :a => 1, :b => 2 }).not_to include(:d, :b)
        }.to fail_with(%r|expected #{hash_inspect :a => 1, :b => 2} not to include :b|)
      end

      it "fails if the target includes two (but not all) of the expected keys" do
        expect {
          expect({ :a => 1, :b => 2 }).not_to include(:a, :b, :c)
        }.to fail_with(%r|expected #{hash_inspect :a => 1, :b => 2} not to include :a and :b|)
      end

      it "fails if the target includes many (but not all) of the expected keys" do
        expect {
          expect({ :a => 1, :b => 2, :c => 3 }).not_to include(:b, :a, :c, :f)
        }.to fail_with(%r|expected #{hash_inspect :a => 1, :b => 2, :c => 3} not to include :b, :a, and :c|)
      end
    end

    context "for an array target" do
      it "passes if the target does not include any of the expected" do
        expect([1, 2, 3]).not_to include(4, 5, 6)
      end

      it "fails if the target includes all of the expected" do
        expect {
          expect([1, 2, 3]).not_to include(3, 1)
        }.to fail_with('expected [1, 2, 3] not to include 3 and 1')
      end

      it "fails if the target includes one (but not all) of the expected" do
        expect {
          expect([1, 2, 3]).not_to include(4, 1)
        }.to fail_with('expected [1, 2, 3] not to include 1')
      end

      it "fails if the target includes two (but not all) of the expected" do
        expect {
          expect([1, 2, 3]).not_to include(4, 1, 2)
        }.to fail_with('expected [1, 2, 3] not to include 1 and 2')
      end

      it "fails if the target includes many (but not all) of the expected" do
        expect {
          expect([1, 2, 3]).not_to include(5, 4, 2, 1, 3)
        }.to fail_with('expected [1, 2, 3] not to include 2, 1, and 3')
      end
    end
  end

  describe "expect(...).to include(:key => value)" do
    context 'for a hash target' do
      it "passes if target includes the key/value pair" do
        expect({ :key => 'value' }).to include(:key => 'value')
      end

      it "passes if target includes the key/value pair among others" do
        expect({ :key => 'value', :other => 'different' }).to include(:key => 'value')
      end

      it "passes if target includes the key/value pair fuzzily matched among others", :if => (RUBY_VERSION.to_f > 1.8) do
        hsh = { :key => 'value', :other => 'different' }

        expect(hsh).to include(match(/KEY/i) => 'value')
        expect(FakeHashWithIndifferentAccess.from_hash(hsh)).to include(match(/KEY/i) => 'value')
        expect(CaseInsensitiveHash.from_hash(hsh)).to include(match(/KEY/i) => 'value')
      end

      it "fails if target has a different value for key" do
        expect {
          expect({ :key => 'different' }).to include(:key => 'value')
        }.to fail_matching('expected {:key => "different"} to include {:key => "value"}')
      end

      it "fails if target has a different key" do
        expect {
          expect({ :other => 'value' }).to include(:key => 'value')
        }.to fail_matching('expected {:other => "value"} to include {:key => "value"}')
      end
    end

    context 'for a non-hash target' do
      it "fails if the target does not contain the given hash" do
        expect {
          expect(['a', 'b']).to include(:key => 'value')
        }.to fail_matching('expected ["a", "b"] to include {:key => "value"}')
      end

      it "passes if the target contains the given hash" do
        expect(['a', { :key => 'value' }]).to include(:key => 'value')
      end
    end
  end

  describe "expect(...).not_to include(:key => value)" do
    context 'for a hash target' do
      it "fails if target includes the key/value pair" do
        expect {
          expect({ :key => 'value' }).not_to include(:key => 'value')
        }.to fail_matching('expected {:key => "value"} not to include {:key => "value"}')
      end

      it "fails if target includes the key/value pair among others" do
        expect {
          expect({ :key => 'value', :other => 'different' }).not_to include(:key => 'value')
        }.to fail_with(%r|expected #{hash_inspect :key => "value", :other => "different"} not to include \{:key => "value"\}|)
      end

      it "passes if target has a different value for key" do
        expect({ :key => 'different' }).not_to include(:key => 'value')
      end

      it "passes if target has a different key" do
        expect({ :other => 'value' }).not_to include(:key => 'value')
      end
    end

    context "for a non-hash target" do
      it "passes if the target does not contain the given hash" do
        expect(['a', 'b']).not_to include(:key => 'value')
      end

      it "fails if the target contains the given hash" do
        expect {
          expect(['a', { :key => 'value' }]).not_to include(:key => 'value')
        }.to fail_matching('expected ["a", {:key => "value"}] not to include {:key => "value"}')
      end
    end
  end

  describe "expect(...).to include(:key1 => value1, :key2 => value2)" do
    context 'for a hash target' do
      it "passes if target includes the key/value pairs" do
        expect({ :a => 1, :b => 2 }).to include(:b => 2, :a => 1)
      end

      it "passes if target includes the key/value pairs among others" do
        expect({ :a => 1, :c => 3, :b => 2 }).to include(:b => 2, :a => 1)
      end

      it "fails if target has a different value for one of the keys" do
        expect {
          expect({ :a => 1, :b => 2 }).to include(:a => 2, :b => 2)
        }.to fail_with(%r|expected #{hash_inspect :a => 1, :b => 2} to include #{hash_inspect :a => 2}|)
      end

      it "fails if target has a different value for both of the keys" do
        expect {
          expect({ :a => 1, :b => 1 }).to include(:a => 2, :b => 2)
        }.to fail_with(%r|expected #{hash_inspect :a => 1, :b => 1} to include #{hash_inspect :a => 2, :b => 2}|)
      end

      it "fails if target lacks one of the keys" do
        expect {
          expect({ :a => 1, :b => 1 }).to include(:a => 1, :c => 1)
        }.to fail_with(%r|expected #{hash_inspect :a => 1, :b => 1} to include #{hash_inspect :c => 1}|)
      end

      it "fails if target lacks both of the keys" do
        expect {
          expect({ :a => 1, :b => 1 }).to include(:c => 1, :d => 1)
        }.to fail_with(%r|expected #{hash_inspect :a => 1, :b => 1} to include #{hash_inspect :c => 1, :d => 1}|)
      end

      it "fails if target lacks one of the keys and has a different value for another" do
        expect {
          expect({ :a => 1, :b => 2 }).to include(:c => 1, :b => 3)
        }.to fail_with(%r|expected #{hash_inspect :a => 1, :b => 2} to include #{hash_inspect :c => 1, :b => 3}|)
      end
    end

    context 'for a non-hash target' do
      it "fails if the target does not contain the given hash" do
        expect {
          expect(['a', 'b']).to include(:a => 1, :b => 1)
        }.to fail_with(%r|expected \["a", "b"\] to include #{hash_inspect :a => 1, :b => 1}|)
      end

      it "passes if the target contains the given hash" do
        expect(['a', { :a => 1, :b => 2 }]).to include(:a => 1, :b => 2)
      end
    end
  end

  describe "expect(...).not_to include(:key1 => value1, :key2 => value2)" do
    context 'for a hash target' do
      it "fails if target includes the key/value pairs" do
        expect {
          expect({ :a => 1, :b => 2 }).not_to include(:a => 1, :b => 2)
        }.to fail_with(%r|expected #{hash_inspect :a => 1, :b => 2} not to include #{hash_inspect :a => 1, :b => 2}|)
      end

      it "fails if target includes the key/value pairs among others" do
        hash = { :a => 1, :b => 2, :c => 3 }
        expect {
          expect(hash).not_to include(:a => 1, :b => 2)
        }.to fail_with(%r|expected #{hash_inspect :a => 1, :b => 2, :c => 3} not to include #{hash_inspect :a => 1, :b => 2}|)
      end

      it "fails if target has a different value for one of the keys" do
        expect {
          expect({ :a => 1, :b => 2 }).not_to include(:a => 2, :b => 2)
        }.to fail_with(%r|expected #{hash_inspect :a => 1, :b => 2} not to include #{hash_inspect :b => 2}|)
      end

      it "passes if target has a different value for both of the keys" do
        expect({ :a => 1, :b => 1 }).not_to include(:a => 2, :b => 2)
      end

      it "fails if target lacks one of the keys" do
        expect {
          expect({ :a => 1, :b => 1 }).not_to include(:a => 1, :c => 1)
        }.to fail_with(%r|expected #{hash_inspect :a => 1, :b => 1} not to include #{hash_inspect :a => 1}|)
      end

      it "passes if target lacks both of the keys" do
        expect({ :a => 1, :b => 1 }).not_to include(:c => 1, :d => 1)
      end
    end

    context 'for a non-hash target' do
      it "passes if the target does not contain the given hash" do
        expect(['a', 'b']).not_to include(:a => 1, :b => 1)
      end

      it "fails if the target contains the given hash" do
        expect {
          expect(['a', { :a => 1, :b => 2 }]).not_to include(:a => 1, :b => 2)
        }.to fail_with(%r|expected \["a", #{hash_inspect :a => 1, :b => 2}\] not to include #{hash_inspect :a => 1, :b => 2}|)
      end
    end
  end

  describe "Composing matchers with `include`" do
    RSpec::Matchers.define :a_string_containing do |expected|
      match do |actual|
        actual.include?(expected)
      end

      description do
        "a string containing '#{expected}'"
      end
    end

    describe "expect(array).to include(matcher)" do
      it "passes when the matcher matches one of the values" do
        expect([10, 20, 30]).to include( a_value_within(5).of(24) )
      end

      it 'provides a description' do
        description = include( a_value_within(5).of(24) ).description
        expect(description).to eq("include (a value within 5 of 24)")
      end

      it 'fails with a clear message when the matcher matches none of the values' do
        expect {
          expect([10, 30]).to include( a_value_within(5).of(24) )
        }.to fail_with("expected [10, 30] to include (a value within 5 of 24)")
      end

      it 'works with comparison matchers' do
        expect {
          expect([100, 200]).to include(a_value < 90)
        }.to fail_with("expected [100, 200] to include (a value < 90)")

        expect([100, 200]).to include(a_value > 150)
      end

      it 'does not treat an object that only implements #matches? as a matcher' do
        not_a_matcher = Struct.new(:value) do
          def matches?(_)
            fail "`matches?` should never be called"
          end
        end

        expect([not_a_matcher.new("rspec.info")]).to include(not_a_matcher.new("rspec.info"))

        expect {
          expect([not_a_matcher.new("rspec.info")]).to include(not_a_matcher.new("foo.com"))
        }.to fail_matching("expected [#{not_a_matcher.new("rspec.info").inspect}] to include")
      end
    end

    describe "expect(array).to include(multiple, matcher, arguments)" do
      it "passes if target includes items satisfying all matchers" do
        expect(['foo', 'bar', 'baz']).to include(a_string_containing("ar"), a_string_containing('oo'))
      end

      it "fails if target does not include an item satisfying any one of the items" do
        expect {
          expect(['foo', 'bar', 'baz']).to include(a_string_containing("ar"), a_string_containing("abc"))
        }.to fail_matching("expected #{['foo', 'bar', 'baz'].inspect} to include (a string containing 'abc')")
      end
    end

    describe "expect(hash).to include(key => matcher)" do
      it "passes when the matcher matches" do
        expect(:a => 12).to include(:a => a_value_within(3).of(10))
      end

      it 'provides a description' do
        description = include(:a => a_value_within(3).of(10)).description
        expect(description).to eq("include {:a => (a value within 3 of 10)}")
      end

      it "fails with a clear message when the matcher does not match" do
        expect {
          expect(:a => 15).to include(:a => a_value_within(3).of(10))
        }.to fail_matching("expected {:a => 15} to include {:a => (a value within 3 of 10)}")
      end
    end

    describe "expect(hash).to include(key_matcher)" do
      it "passes when the matcher matches a key", :if => (RUBY_VERSION.to_f > 1.8) do
        expect(:drink => "water", :food => "bread").to include(match(/foo/))
      end

      it 'provides a description' do
        description = include(match(/foo/)).description
        expect(description).to eq("include (match /foo/)")
      end

      it 'fails with a clear message when the matcher does not match', :if => (RUBY_VERSION.to_f > 1.8) do
        expect {
          expect(:drink => "water", :food => "bread").to include(match(/bar/))
        }.to fail_matching('expected {:drink => "water", :food => "bread"} to include (match /bar/)')
      end
    end

    describe "expect(hash).to include(key_matcher => value)" do
      it "passes when the matcher matches a pair", :if => (RUBY_VERSION.to_f > 1.8) do
        expect(:drink => "water", :food => "bread").to include(match(/foo/) => "bread")
      end

      it "passes when the matcher matches all pairs", :if => (RUBY_VERSION.to_f > 1.8) do
        expect(:drink => "water", :food => "bread").to include(match(/foo/) => "bread", match(/ink/) => "water")
      end

      it "passes with a natural matcher", :if => (RUBY_VERSION.to_f > 1.8) do
        expect(:drink => "water", :food => "bread").to include(/foo/ => "bread")
      end

      it "passes with a natural matcher", :if => (RUBY_VERSION.to_f > 1.8) do
        expect(:drink => "water", :food => "bread").to include(/foo/ => /read/)
      end

      it 'provides a description' do
        description = include(match(/foo/) => "bread").description
        expect(description).to eq('include {(match /foo/) => "bread"}')
      end

      it 'fails with a clear message when the value does not match', :if => (RUBY_VERSION.to_f > 1.8) do
        expect {
          expect(:drink => "water", :food => "bread").to include(match(/foo/) => "meat")
        }.to fail_matching('expected {:drink => "water", :food => "bread"} to include {(match /foo/) => "meat"}')
      end

      it 'fails with a clear message when the matcher does not match', :if => (RUBY_VERSION.to_f > 1.8) do
        expect {
          expect(:drink => "water", :food => "bread").to include(match(/bar/) => "bread")
        }.to fail_matching('expected {:drink => "water", :food => "bread"} to include {(match /bar/) => "bread"}')
      end

      it 'fails with a clear message when several matchers do not match', :if => (RUBY_VERSION.to_f > 1.8) do
        expect {
          expect(:drink => "water", :food => "bread").to include(match(/bar/) => "bread", match(/baz/) => "water")
        }.to fail_matching('expected {:drink => "water", :food => "bread"} to include {(match /bar/) => "bread", (match /baz/) => "water"}')
      end
    end

    describe "expect(array).not_to include(multiple, matcher, arguments)" do
      it "passes if none of the target values satisfies any of the matchers" do
        expect(['foo', 'bar', 'baz']).not_to include(a_string_containing("gh"), a_string_containing('de'))
      end

      it 'fails if all of the matchers are satisfied by one of the target values' do
        expect {
          expect(['foo', 'bar', 'baz']).not_to include(a_string_containing("ar"), a_string_containing('az'))
        }.to fail_matching("expected #{['foo', 'bar', 'baz'].inspect} not to include (a string containing 'ar') and (a string containing 'az')")
      end

      it 'fails if the some (but not all) of the matchers are satisfied' do
        expect {
          expect(['foo', 'bar', 'baz']).not_to include(a_string_containing("ar"), a_string_containing('bz'))
        }.to fail_matching("expected #{['foo', 'bar', 'baz'].inspect} not to include (a string containing 'ar')")
      end
    end
  end

  # `fail_including` uses the `include` matcher internally, and using a matcher
  # to test itself is potentially problematic, so just for this spec file we
  # use `fail_matching` instead, which converts to a regex instead.
  def fail_matching(message)
    raise_error(RSpec::Expectations::ExpectationNotMetError, /#{Regexp.escape(message)}/)
  end
end
