-- File: tkz_elements_functions_triangles.lua
-- Copyright (c) 2026 Alain Matthes
-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LPPL-1.3c
-- Maintainer: Alain Matthes

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- triangle center with circle
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------
---- boolean ---------------
----------------------------
function in_out_(a, b, c, pt, EPS)-- nil (absent or fals or true)
	EPS  = EPS or tkz.epsilon
  local x, y, z = barycentric_coordinates_(a, b, c, pt)
		return (x >= -EPS and y >= -EPS and z >= -EPS)
end


function in_out_strict_(a, b, c, pt, EPS)-- nil (absent or fals or true)
	EPS  = EPS or tkz.epsilon
	local x, y, z = barycentric_coordinates_(a, b, c, pt)
	return (x > EPS and y > EPS and z > EPS)
end

function check_equilateral_(A, B, C, EPS)
	EPS = EPS or tkz.epsilon
	local a, b, c = length_(B, C), length_(A, C), length_(A, B)

	-- Vérifie que les trois longueurs sont égales à epsilon près
	if math.abs(a - b) < EPS and math.abs(a - c) < EPS and math.abs(b - c) < EPS then
		return true
	else
		return false
	end
end

-- acutangle : triangle with three acute angles.
function check_acutangle_(A, B, C, EPS)
	EPS = EPS or tkz.epsilon
	local a, b, c = length_(B, C), length_(A, C), length_(A, B)

	local asq = a * a
	local bsq = b * b
	local csq = c * c
	if asq + bsq > csq and bsq + csq > asq and csq + asq > bsq then
		return true
	else
		return false
	end
end

function check_isosceles_(A, B, C, EPS)
	EPS = EPS or tkz.epsilon
  local a, b, c = length_(B, C), length_(A, C), length_(A, B)

		-- si déjà équilatéral
		if check_equilateral_(A, B, C, EPS) then
				return true
		end

		if math.abs(a - b) <= EPS then
				return true      -- sommet C au-dessus de AB
		elseif math.abs(b - c) <= EPS then
				return true      -- sommet A au-dessus de BC
		elseif math.abs(c - a) <= EPS then
				return true      -- sommet B au-dessus de CA
		else
				return false
		end
end
------------------------
----  string ------------
-------------------------

function find_orientation_(za, zb, zc)
	local d = oriented_area2_(za.re, za.im, zb.re, zb.im, zc.re, zc.im)
	if is_zero_(d) then
		return "aligned"
	elseif d > 0 then
		return "direct"
	else
		return "indirect"
	end
end

------------------------
----  reals ------------
-------------------------

function area_(pa, pb, pc)
	return point.mod(pa - projection_(pb, pc, pa)) * point.mod(pb - pc) / 2
end

function area_heron_(a, b, c)
	local s = (a + b + c) / 2
	return math.sqrt(s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c))
end

function trilinear_to_d_(x, y, z, a, b, c)
	local k = area_heron_(a, b, c)
	-- Calculating side distances
	local p = k * x / a
	local q = k * y / b
	local r = k * z / c
	return p, q, r
end

function barycentric_coordinates_(a, b, c, pt)
	local xA,yA,xB,yB,xC,yC = a.re,a.im,b.re,b.im,c.re,c.im
	local xP,yP = pt.re, pt.im
	local orient2d_ABC = oriented_area2_(xA,yA,xB,yB,xC,yC)

	if is_zero_(orient2d_ABC) then
		tex.error("Degenerate triangle: vertices aligned (barycentric).")
		return
	end

	local l_A = oriented_area2_(xP,yP,xB,yB,xC,yC) / orient2d_ABC
	local l_B = oriented_area2_(xA,yA,xP,yP,xC,yC) / orient2d_ABC
	local l_C = oriented_area2_(xA,yA,xB,yB,xP,yP) / orient2d_ABC
	return l_A, l_B, l_C
end


function trilinear_coordinates_(a, b, c, pt)
	local la, lb, lc = barycentric_coordinates_(a, b, c, pt)
	local ca, cb, cc = length_(b, c), length_(a, c), length_(a, b)
	local ta, tb, tc = la / ca, lb / cb, lc / cc
	-- normalize
	local N = ta + tb + tc
	return ta / N, tb / N, tc / N
end

function radius_excircle_(a, b, c)
	local ea = trilinear_(a, b, c, -1, 1, 1)
	local ra = length_(ea, projection_(a, c, ea))
	local eb = trilinear_(a, b, c, 1, -1, 1)
	local rb = length_(eb, projection_(c, a, eb))
	local ec = trilinear_(a, b, c, 1, 1, -1)
	local rc = length_(ec, projection_(a, b, ec))
	return ra, rb, rc
end

function find_angle_(a, b, c)
	if det3pt_(a, b, c) > 0 then
		return angle_normalize_(point.arg((c - a) / (b - a)))
	else
		return angle_normalize_(point.arg((b - a) / (c - a)))
	end
end

------------------------
--     Points --
------------------------

function find_foot_bisector_(a, b, c)
	local i = in_center_(a, b, c)
	return intersection_ll_(a,i,b,c)
end

function barycentric_(pa, pb, pc, x, y, z)
	local a = length_(pb, pc)
	local b = length_(pa, pc)
	local c = length_(pa, pb)
	return barycenter_({ pa, x }, { pb, y }, { pc, z })
end

function trilinear_(pa, pb, pc, x, y, z)
	local a = length_(pb, pc)
	local b = length_(pa, pc)
	local c = length_(pa, pb)
	return barycenter_({ pa, x * a }, { pb, y * b }, { pc, z * c })
end

function circum_center_(a, b, c)
	local ka = math.sin(2 * get_angle_(a, b, c))
	local kb = math.sin(2 * get_angle_(b, c, a))
	local kc = math.sin(2 * get_angle_(c, a, b))
	return barycenter_({ a, ka }, { b, kb }, { c, kc })
end

function in_center_(a, b, c)
	local ka = point.abs(b - c)
	local kc = point.abs(b - a)
	local kb = point.abs(c - a)
	return barycenter_({ a, ka }, { b, kb }, { c, kc })
end

function ex_center_(a, b, c)
	local ka = point.abs(b - c)
	local kc = point.abs(b - a)
	local kb = point.abs(c - a)
	return barycenter_({ a, -ka }, { b, kb }, { c, kc })
end

function centroid_(a, b, c)
	return barycenter_({ a, 1 }, { b, 1 }, { c, 1 })
end
centroid_center_ = centroid_

function ortho_center_(a, b, c)
	local ka = math.tan(get_angle_(a, b, c))
	local kb = math.tan(get_angle_(b, c, a))
	local kc = math.tan(get_angle_(c, a, b))
	return barycenter_({ a, ka }, { b, kb }, { c, kc })
end

function euler_center_(a, b, c)
	local ma, mb, mc = medial_tr_(a, b, c)
	return circum_center_(ma, mb, mc)
end

function gergonne_point_(a, b, c)
	local u, v, w
	u, v, w = intouch_tr_(a, b, c)
	return intersection_ll_(a, u, b, v)
end

function lemoine_point_(a, b, c)
	local ma, mb, mc, ha, hb, hc, u, v, w
	u = point.abs(c - b)
	v = point.abs(a - c)
	w = point.abs(b - a)
	return barycenter_({ a, u * u }, { b, v * v }, { c, w * w })
end

function nagel_point_(a, b, c)
	-- Calculate the excircle tangency points (u, v, w)
	local u, v, w = extouch_tr_(a, b, c)

	-- Find the intersection of lines through a and u, and through b and v
	return intersection_ll_(a, u, b, v)
end

function feuerbach_point_(a, b, c)
	local i, h, e, ma

	-- Calculate the incenter and some related point (likely the orthocenter or another center)
	i, h = in_circle_(a, b, c)

	-- Calculate the Euler center (center of the nine-point circle)
	e = euler_center_(a, b, c)

	-- Calculate the midpoint of side BC
	ma = (b + c) / 2

	-- Find the intersection of the circles at (i, h) and (e, ma), which gives the Feuerbach point
	return intersection_cc_(i, h, e, ma)
end

function spieker_center_(a, b, c)
	return in_center_(medial_tr_(a, b, c))
end

function euler_points_(a, b, c)
	local H
	H = ortho_center_(a, b, c)
	return midpoint_(H, a), midpoint_(H, b), midpoint_(H, c)
end

function parallelogram_(a, b, c)
	local x = c + a - b
	return x
end

function soddy_center_(a, b, c)
	-- Step 1: Compute the incenter and excircle centers
	local i, e, f, g = in_circle_(a, b, c)
	local ha, hb, hc = orthic_tr_(a, b, c)

	-- Step 2: Find the intersection points for the tangent lines
	local x, xp = intersection_lc_(a, ha, a, g)
	if point.mod(ha - x) < point.mod(ha - xp) then
	else
		x, xp = xp, x
	end

	local y, yp = intersection_lc_(b, hb, b, e)
	if point.mod(hb - y) < point.mod(hb - yp) then
	else
		y, yp = yp, y
	end

	local z, zp = intersection_lc_(c, hc, c, f)
	if point.mod(hc - z) < point.mod(hc - zp) then
	else
		z, zp = zp, z
	end

	-- Step 3: Calculate the intersections with the opposite triangle sides
	local xi, t = intersection_lc_(xp, e, a, g)
	if in_out_(a, b, c, xi) then
	else
		xi, t = t, xi
	end

	local yi, t = intersection_lc_(yp, f, b, e)
	if in_out_(a, b, c, yi) then
	else
		yi, t = t, yi
	end

	local zi, t = intersection_lc_(zp, g, c, f)
	if in_out_(a, b, c, zi) then
	else
		zi, t = t, zi
	end

	-- Step 4: Calculate the circumcenter of the triangle formed by the tangent points
	local s = circum_center_(xi, yi, zi)

	return s, xi, yi, zi -- Return the Soddy center and the tangent points
end
--------------------
-- lines --
--------------------
-- N,G,H,O
function euler_line_(a, b, c)
	-- ---- equilateral: all centers coincide, Euler line degenerates to a point
if check_equilateral_(a, b, c, EPS) then
	local g = centroid_(a, b, c)
	return g, g, g, g
end

	local A = math.tan(get_angle_(a, b, c))
	local B = math.tan(get_angle_(b, c, a))
	local C = math.tan(get_angle_(c, a, b))

	return euler_center_(a, b, c),
		barycenter_({ a, 1 }, { b, 1 }, { c, 1 }),
		barycenter_({ a, A }, { b, B }, { c, C }),
		barycenter_({ a, B + C }, { b, A + C }, { c, A + B })
end

function bisector_(a, b, c) -- possible intersection bisector with side
	return in_center_(a, b, c)
end

function bisector_ext_(a, b, c)
	local i
	i = in_center_(a, b, c)
	return rotation_(a, math.pi / 2, i)
end

function mediators_(a, b, c)
	local o = circum_center_(a, b, c)
	return o, projection_(b, c, o), projection_(a, c, o), projection_(a, b, o)
end

--------------------
-- circles --
--------------------
function circum_circle_(a, b, c)
	local ka = math.sin(2 * get_angle_(a, b, c))
	local kb = math.sin(2 * get_angle_(b, c, a))
	local kc = math.sin(2 * get_angle_(c, a, b))
	return barycenter_({ a, ka }, { b, kb }, { c, kc }), a
end

function in_circle_(a, b, c)
	local ka, kb, kc, o
	ka = point.abs(b - c)
	kc = point.abs(b - a)
	kb = point.abs(c - a)
	o = barycenter_({ a, ka }, { b, kb }, { c, kc })
	return o, projection_(b, c, o), projection_(a, c, o), projection_(a, b, o)
end

function ex_circle_(a, b, c)
	local ka, kb, kc, o
	ka = point.abs(b - c)
	kc = point.abs(b - a)
	kb = point.abs(c - a)
	o = barycenter_({ a, -ka }, { b, kb }, { c, kc })
	return o, projection_(b, c, o), projection_(a, c, o), projection_(b, a, o)
end

function euler_circle_(a, b, c)
	local o, ma, mb, mc, H, ha, hb, hc
	-- Compute the Euler center (center of the nine-point circle)
	o = euler_center_(a, b, c)

	-- Calculate the medial triangle (midpoints of the sides)
	ma, mb, mc = medial_tr_(a, b, c)

	-- Calculate the orthic triangle (feet of the altitudes)
	ha, hb, hc = orthic_tr_(a, b, c)

	-- Get the Euler line and midpoint (H) on the Euler line
	_, _, H, _ = euler_line_(a, b, c)

	-- Return all relevant geometric elements
	return o,
		ma,
		mb,
		mc,
		ha,
		hb,
		hc,
		midpoint_(H, a), -- Midpoint between H and vertex a
		midpoint_(H, b), -- Midpoint between H and vertex b
		midpoint_(H, c) -- Midpoint between H and vertex c
end

--------------------
-- triangles --
--------------------
function orthic_tr_(a, b, c)
	local o = ortho_center_(a, b, c)
	return projection_(b, c, o), projection_(a, c, o), projection_(b, a, o)
end

function medial_tr_(a, b, c)
	return barycenter_({ a, 0 }, { b, 1 }, { c, 1 }),
		barycenter_({ a, 1 }, { b, 0 }, { c, 1 }),
		barycenter_({ a, 1 }, { b, 1 }, { c, 0 })
end

function anti_tr_(a, b, c)
	return barycenter_({ a, -1 }, { b, 1 }, { c, 1 }),
		barycenter_({ a, 1 }, { b, -1 }, { c, 1 }),
		barycenter_({ a, 1 }, { b, 1 }, { c, -1 })
end

function incentral_tr_(a, b, c)
	local i, r, s, t
	-- Compute the incenter (center of the incircle)
	i = in_center_(a, b, c)

	-- Calculate the points of tangency where the incircle touches the sides
	r = intersection_ll_(a, i, b, c) -- Intersection of lines a-i and b-c
	s = intersection_ll_(b, i, a, c) -- Intersection of lines b-i and a-c
	t = intersection_ll_(c, i, a, b) -- Intersection of lines c-i and a-b

	-- Return the points of tangency that form the incentral triangle
	return r, s, t
end

function excentral_tr_(a, b, c)
	local r = trilinear_(a, b, c, -1, 1, 1)
	local s = trilinear_(a, b, c, 1, -1, 1)
	local t = trilinear_(a, b, c, 1, 1, -1)
	return r, s, t
end

function intouch_tr_(a, b, c)
	local i
	i = in_center_(a, b, c)
	return projection_(b, c, i), projection_(a, c, i), projection_(a, b, i)
end

function cevian_(a, b, c, p)
	return intersection_ll_(a, p, b, c), intersection_ll_(b, p, a, c), intersection_ll_(c, p, a, b)
end

function extouch_tr_(a, b, c)
	local u, v, w
	u, v, w = excentral_tr_(a, b, c)
	return projection_(b, c, u), projection_(a, c, v), projection_(a, b, w)
end

function tangential_tr_(a, b, c)
	local u, v, w, x, y, z, xx, yy, zz
	u, v, w = orthic_tr_(a, b, c)
	x = ll_from_(a, v, w)
	y = ll_from_(b, u, w)
	z = ll_from_(c, u, v)
	xx = intersection_ll_(c, z, b, y)
	yy = intersection_ll_(a, x, c, z)
	zz = intersection_ll_(a, x, b, y)
	return xx, yy, zz
end

function feuerbach_tr_(a, b, c)
	local e, m, ja, ha, jb, hb, jc, hc
	e = euler_center_(a, b, c)
	m = midpoint_(b, c)
	ja, ha = ex_circle_(a, b, c)
	jb, hb = ex_circle_(b, c, a)
	jc, hc = ex_circle_(c, a, b)
	return intersection_cc_(e, m, ja, ha), intersection_cc_(e, m, jb, hb), intersection_cc_(e, m, jc, hc)
end

function orthic_axis_(a, b, c)
	local ha, hb, hc = orthic_tr_(a, b, c)
	local z = intersection_ll_(ha, hb, a, b)
	local y = intersection_ll_(ha, hc, a, c)
	local x = intersection_ll_(hb, hc, b, c)
	return x, y, z
end
--------------------
-- ellipse --
--------------------
function steiner_(a, b, c)
	local g = centroid_(a, b, c)
	local delta = a * a + b * b + c * c - a * b - a * c - b * c
	local fa = (a + b + c - point.sqrt(delta)) / 3
	local fb = (a + b + c + point.sqrt(delta)) / 3
	local m = midpoint_(b, c)
	local r = (length_(fa, m) + length_(fb, m)) / 2
	return conic:new(EL_bifocal(fb, fa, r))
end
--------------------
-- miscellanous --
--------------------

function square_inscribed_(a, b, c)
	local d, e = square_(c, b)
	local m = intersection_ll_(a, d, b, c)
	local n = intersection_ll_(a, e, b, c)
	local o, p = square_(m, n)
	return m, n, o, p
end

function resolve_triangle_index(self, arg)
	local a, b, c = self.pa, self.pb, self.pc

	if arg == nil or arg == 0 then
		return 0
	elseif type(arg) == "number" then
		return arg % 3
	elseif type(arg) == "table" and arg.re and arg.im then
		if rawequal(arg, a) then
			return 0
		elseif rawequal(arg, b) then
			return 1
		elseif rawequal(arg, c) then
			return 2
		else
			tex.error("Invalid vertex (not the stored triangle vertex object)")
		end
	else
		tex.error("Invalid argument for triangle index")
	end
end