% \iffalse meta-comment
%
% pacioli.dtx
% Copyright 1999 Peter R. Wilson
%
% This program is provided under the terms of the
% LaTeX Project Public License distributed from CTAN
% archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt.
%
% Author: Peter Wilson (CUA and NIST) (now at: peter.r.wilson@boeing.com)
% 
% 
%<*driver>
\documentclass{ltxdoc}
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\begin{document}
  \DocInput{pacioli.dtx}
\end{document}
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% \changes{v1.0}{1999/03/14}{First public release}
% \changes{v1.0a}{2001/01/02}{Fixed missing * in .fd files}
%
% ^^A \def\fileversion{v1.0}
% ^^A \def\filedate{1999/03/14}
% \def\fileversion{v1.0a}
% \def\filedate{2001/01/02}
% \newcommand*{\Lpack}[1]{\textsf {#1}}           ^^A typeset a package
% \newcommand*{\Lopt}[1]{\textsf {#1}}            ^^A typeset an option
% \newcommand*{\file}[1]{\texttt {#1}}            ^^A typeset a file
% \newcommand*{\Lcount}[1]{\textsl {\small#1}}    ^^A typeset a counter
% \newcommand*{\pstyle}[1]{\textsl {#1}}          ^^A typeset a pagestyle
% \newcommand*{\Lenv}[1]{\texttt {#1}}            ^^A typeset an environment
%
% \title{The \Lpack{Pacioli} fonts\thanks{This
%        file has version number \fileversion, last revised
%        \filedate.}}
%
% \author{%
% Peter Wilson\\
% Catholic University of America \\
% Now at {\tt peter.r.wilson@boeing.com}
% }
% \date{\filedate}
% \maketitle
% \begin{abstract}
%    The \Lpack{pacioli} package provides a set of uppercase fonts 
% designed by Fra Luca de Pacioli in 1497.
% \end{abstract}
% \tableofcontents
%
% \StopEventually{}
%
% 
%
% \section{Introduction}
%
% Around the beginning of the 16th century several authors published designs
% for uppercase characters. The more well known among these were Albrecht
% D\"{u}rer who wrote \textit{On the Just Shaping of Letters} which was
% published in Nuremberg in 1525, and Geofroy
% Tory who wrote \textit{Champ Fleury} which was published in Paris in 1529.
% Fra Luca Bartolomeo de Pacioli preceeded both of these by developing his
% recipe for uppercase characters in 1497 and which was published in
% \textit{De Divina Proportione} at Venice in 1509. 
% Stanley Morison~\cite{MORISON94} provides
% a more accessible source for Pacioli's characters.
% 
% This manual is typeset according to the conventions of the
% \LaTeX{} \textsc{docstrip} utility which enables the automatic
% extraction of the \LaTeX{} macro source files~\cite{GOOSSENS94}.
%
%    Section~\ref{sec:usc} describes the usage of the package.
% Commented code for the fonts is in Sections~\ref{sec:mf} and~\ref{sec:fd} and
% source code for the package is in Section~\ref{sec:code}.
%
%
% \section{The \Lpack{pacioli} package} \label{sec:usc}
%
%    Pacioli gave instructions for most of the uppercase letters in the alphabet,
% except for J, U, W and Z. All the designs were based on a square within which
% the letters were fitted. The width of the thickest limbs are 1/9 of the
% size of the square. Thinner limbs were normally half the width of the thick
% limbs and occasionaly, as in the cross-bar of the A, were 1/3 of the width.
%
%    Albrecht D\"{u}rer's characters were similar to Pacioli's, and I have used
% a modified version of Alan Hoenig's rendition of the D\"{u}rer font 
% for the missing characters.\footnote{Alan Hoenig's D\"{u}rer font is
% available from CTAN in the \texttt{duerer} subdirectory.}
%
%    I have also added modified versions of Knuth's Computer Modern punctuation
% characters so that, perhaps, the Pacioli font could be used as a titling font.
%
% Pacioli's font as provided here consists of the uppercase letters, 
% the punctuation marks  !.,;:`'?,
% the hyphen together with the en- and em-dash,
% and the analphabetic characters ()[]\&.
% All the chacters are accessed by typing them as you usually do in \LaTeX.
%
%     Pacioli's fonts are designed using ruler and compass, but `real' font
% design is more subtle than this. Not only do the characters have to be 
% well-formed and consistent, but they must also appear to be consistent.
% Because of optical illusions, certain characters, like a C or an O, may look
% smaller than they actually are when used in conjunction with other characters,
% like an A or an M. Therefore the Cs and Os are often enlarged slightly in a 
% vertical direction. I have made these optical adjustments to the characters
% obtained when using uppercase input. Alternative non-adjusted characters
% are also provided which can be accessed by inputting lowercase characters.
% These are the C, G, O and Q characters; typing c, g, o or q will give the
% non-adjusted uppercase versions.
%
%     The Pacioli font, which I have called |cpc| (for Computer PaCioli),
%  is provided in an upright and a slanted version only.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\cpcfamily}
%    This \Lpack{pacioli} package command will switch any following text into
% the Pacioli font family.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\textcpc}
%    The \Lpack{pacioli} package command |\textcpc{|\meta{text}|}| will 
% typeset its \meta{text} argument using the Pacioli font family.
%
% \section{The Metafont code} \label{sec:mf}
%
% \subsection{The parameter file}
%
%    We deal with the two parameter files first, and start by announcing
% what they are for.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*up|sl>
%<up> %%% CPCR10.MF  Computer Pacioli Roman at 10 point design size.
%<sl> %%% CPCSL10.MF  Computer Pacioli Slanted at 10 point design size.
%
%    \end{macrocode}
%    Parameters from CMR10.MF are used as much as possible. We also
% make sure that \Lpack{cmbase} is loaded as well as plain Metafont.
%    \begin{macrocode}
if unknown cmbase: input cmbase fi
%
%<up>font_identifier:="CPCR"; font_size 10pt#;
%<sl>font_identifier:="CPCSL"; font_size 10pt#;
%
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    The majority of the parameters and values are the same for both
% fonts.
%
% \begin{macro}{u}
% \begin{macro}{hstretch}
% \begin{macro}{vstretch}
% \begin{macro}{width-adj}
% \begin{macro}{serif-fit}
% \begin{macro}{cap-serif-fit}
% \begin{macro}{letter-fit}
%    \begin{macrocode}
u#:=20/36pt#;             % unit width
hstretch:=1;              % horizontal stretching factors; in lieu of u
vstretch:=1;              % vertical stretching factor
width_adj#:=0pt#;         % width adjustment for certain characters
serif_fit#:=0pt#;         % extra sidebar near lowercase serifs
cap_serif_fit#:=5/36pt#;  % extra sidebar near uppercase serifs
letter_fit#:=0pt#;        % extra space added to all sidebars
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{body-height} 
% \begin{macro}{asc-height} 
% \begin{macro}{cap-height} 
% \begin{macro}{fig-height} 
% \begin{macro}{x-height} 
% \begin{macro}{math-axis} 
% \begin{macro}{bar-height} 
% \begin{macro}{comma-depth} 
% \begin{macro}{desc-depth} 
% \begin{macro}{half-height} 
%    \begin{macrocode}
body_height#:=270/36pt#;       % height of tallest characters
asc_height#:=250/36pt#;        % height of lowercase ascenders
cap_height#:=246/36pt#;        % height of caps
fig_height#:=232/36pt#;        % height of numerals
x_height#:=155/36pt#;          % height of lowercase without ascenders
math_axis#:=90/36pt#;          % axis of symmetry for math symbols
bar_height#:=87/36pt#;         % height of crossbar in lowercase e
comma_depth#:=70/36pt#;        % depth of comma below baseline
desc_depth#:=70/36pt#;         % depth of lowercase descenders
half_height#:=1/2cap_height#;  % half the height of caps
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{side}
% \begin{macro}{thickfudge}
% \begin{macro}{mediumfudge}
% \begin{macro}{thinfudge}
% \begin{macro}{thick}
% \begin{macro}{medium}
% \begin{macro}{thin}
%    \begin{macrocode} 
side#:=cap_height#;          % Height and width of the square
thickfudge:=1/9; mediumfudge:=1/2; thinfudge:=1/3;
thick#:=thickfudge*side#;    % thickness of all thick limbs in Roman font
medium#:=mediumfudge*thick#; % width of medium limbs
thin#:=thinfudge*thick#;     % thinness of all thin limbs
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{eta}
% \begin{macro}{serif-darkness}
% \begin{macro}{crisp}
% \begin{macro}{tiny}
% \begin{macro}{fine}
% \begin{macro}{rule-thickness}
%    \begin{macrocode}
eta:=2-sqrt2;            % darkness for serifs; $\eta \approx 0.58$
serif_darkness:=eta;
crisp#:=0pt#;            % diameter of serif corners
tiny#:=0pt#;             % diameter of rounded corners
fine#:=7/36pt#;          % diameter of sharply rounded corners
rule_thickness#:=.4pt#;  % thickness of lines in math symbols
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{cap-stem} 
% \begin{macro}{stem} 
% \begin{macro}{dish} 
% \begin{macro}{bracket} 
% \begin{macro}{jut} 
% \begin{macro}{cap-jut} 
% \begin{macro}{beak-jut} 
% \begin{macro}{slab} 
% \begin{macro}{dslab} 
%    \begin{macrocode}
cap_stem#:=thick#;     % thickness of majuscule stems
stem#:=thick#;         % thickness of minuscule stems
dish#:=1/36pt#;        % amount erased at top or bottom of serifs
bracket#:=thick#;      % vertical distance from serif base to tangent
jut#:=thick#;          % protrusion of lowercase serifs
cap_jut#:=2/3thick#;   % protrusion of uppercase serifs for I
beak_jut#:=10/36pt#;   % horizontal protrusion of beak serifs
slab#:=eps*1pt#;       % serif and arm thickness
dslab#=0;              %slab value used in Pacioli fonts
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{Hrad}
% \begin{macro}{Lrad}
% \begin{macro}{lrad}
% \begin{macro}{srad}
% \begin{macro}{trad}
% Pacioli uses several different radii for serifs, with |cap_jut| being 
% normal.
%    \begin{macrocode}
Hrad#:=2thick#;      % Huge
Lrad#:=3/2thick#;    % Large
lrad#:=thick#;       % large
srad#:=1/2thick#;    % small
trad#:=3/8thick#;    % tiny
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{hair} 
% \begin{macro}{vair} 
% |hair| is the lowercase hairline breadth, and |vair| is the vertical 
% diameter of hairlines.
%    \begin{macrocode}
hair#:=vair#:=thin#; 
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{o}
% \begin{macro}{apex-o}
% \begin{macro}{apex-corr}
%    \begin{macrocode} 
o#:=8/36pt#;       % amount of overshoot for curves
apex_o#:=thin#;    % amount of overshoot for diagonal junctions
apex_corr#=0pt#;   % fine tuning of overshoot
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{slant}
% |slant| is the amount the font slopes to the right. It is different
% for the two fonts.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<up>slant:=0;      % tilt ratio $(\Delta x/\Delta y)$
%<sl>slant:=1/6;    % tilt ratio $(\Delta x/\Delta y)$
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% 
% \begin{macro}{fudge}
% \begin{macro}{superness}
% \begin{macro}{superpull}
% \begin{macro}{beak-darkness}
%    \begin{macrocode}
%
fudge:=1;      % factor applied to weights of heavy characters
superness:=1/sqrt2;    % parameter for superellipses
superpull:=0;      % extra openness inside bowls
beak_darkness:=11/30;    % fraction of triangle inside beak serifs
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{serifs} 
% \begin{macro}{monospace} 
%    We are generating a seriffed, variable-width font.
%    \begin{macrocode}
serifs:=true;        % should serifs and bulbs be attached?
monospace:=false;    % should all characters have the same width?
%
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{dot-size}
% \begin{macro}{square-dots}
% \begin{macro}{hefty}
% \begin{macro}{ligs}
%    These parameters are required for the punctation glyphs.
%    \begin{macrocode}
dot_size#:=38/36pt#; % size of dots
square_dots:=false;  % should dots be square?
hefty:=false;        % should we try hard not to be overweight?
ligs:=2;             % level of ligatures to be included

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{flare}
% \begin{macro}{stem-corr}
% \begin{macro}{curve}
%     These parameters are required for the ampersand and question mark.
%    \begin{macrocode}
flare#:=33/36pt#;     % diameter of bulbs or breadth of terminals
stem_corr#:=1/36pt#;  % small refinement of stem breadth
curve#:=30/36pt#;     % lowercase curve breadth

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{whole-font}
%    We are not generating a complete font.
%    \begin{macrocode}
boolean whole_font;  % try generating a complete font?
whole_font:=false;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
%    Finally, call the driver file for the Pacioli font.
%    \begin{macrocode} 
generate cpctitle      %% switch to the driver file---Pacioli title

%</up|sl>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% \subsection{The driver file}
%
%    To a large extent the driver file is based on Alan Hoenig's 
% \Lpack{dtitle.mf}.
%
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*mfd>
% This is CPCTITLE.MF, adapted from Alan Hoenig's dtitle.mf 
% This makes a short font.
% This file also contains special macros universally needed in the 
% Pacioli font but either not in the cmbase.mf file or
% modifications of this.
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%  MACRO SECTION %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \begin{macro}{makebox}
%    This is a new version of the \Lpack{cmbase.mf} |makebox| macro.
% Essentially, as we are only generating an uppercase font, we don't
% need all the horizontals for the lowercase characters.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
% A new version of cmbase.mf makebox macro
def makebox(text rule) =
  for y=0,half_height,cap_height,body_height,x_height,-desc_depth,-body_depth:
    rule((l,y)t_,(r,y)t_); endfor  % horizontals
  for x=l,r: rule((x,-body_depth)t_,(x,body_height)t_); endfor % verticals
  for x=u*(1+floor(1/u)) step u until r-1:
    rule((x,-body_depth)t_,(x,body_height)t_); endfor         % more verticals
  if charic<>0:
    rule((r+charic*pt,h.o_),(r+charic*pt,.5h.o_)); fi  % italic correction
enddef;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{proofpcbb}
%    The macro |proofpcbb(S, xoff, yoff)| draws crosses at the corners of Pacioli's
% square, and at the bottom and top midpoints, where the point |zS| is at
% position |(xoff,yoff)| in the square. 
%    \begin{macrocode}

% A macro to delineate Pacioli's bounding square in proof mode.
% Point z$ is at (xoff,yoff) in the bounding square.
def proofpcbb(suffix $)(expr xoff, yoff) =
if proofing > 0:
  x$bl = x$ - xoff; y$bl = y$ - yoff;         % Bottom Left Hand Corner
  z$br = (x$bl+cap_height, y$bl);             % BRHC
  z$tr = (x$bl+cap_height, y$bl+cap_height);  % TRHC
  z$tl = (x$bl, y$bl+cap_height);             % TLHC
  z$bc = 1/2[z$bl,z$br]; z$tc = 1/2[z$tl,z$tr];  % horizontal mid points
  pair hc, vc;
  hc = (2u,0); vc = (0,2u);
  pickup pensquare scaled 2;
  for s = z$bl, z$br, z$tr, z$tl, z$bc, z$tc:
    draw s-hc--s+hc;
    draw s-vc--s+vc;
  endfor
fi
enddef;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{cm-arm}
% \begin{macro}{arm}
%    Hoenig's modification to Knuth's |arm| macro.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
let cm_arm=arm;
 
vardef arm(suffix $,$$,@)(expr darkness, armjut) =  % arm from |z$| to |z$$|
numeric vjut_; vjut_= abs(bot y$l-bot y$$);
x@0=good.x(x$$r-armjut); y@0=y$r;
 if serifs: y@1=y$l; z@1=z$$l+whatever*(z$$r-z@0);
   if x$$>=x$: x@2=x@1 - vjut_; else: x@2=x@1+vjut_; fi y@2=y$l;
  filldraw z$$l{z@1-z$$l}...darkness[z@1,.5[z@2,z$$l]]{z@2-z$$l}...
  z@2if x$$>=x$: {left} else: {right} fi
   ---z$l--z$r--z@0--z$$r..cycle; % arm and beak
 else: filldraw z$l--z$r--z@0--z$$r--cycle; fi  % sans-serif arm
 penlabels(@0,@1,@2); enddef;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{foot}
%    This is a modified version of Hoenig's |foot| macro to draw the
% bottom leg of the E and L characters.
%     \begin{macrocode}

vardef foot(suffix $, $$, @)(expr darkness, armjut) = % curved beak on E and L
numeric vjut_; vjut_= abs(bot y$-bot y$$);
x@0=good.x(x$$r-armjut); y@0=y$r;
 if serifs: 
   y@1=y$l; z@1=z$$l+whatever*(z$$r-z@0);
   x@2=x@1-vjut_; y@2=y$l;
   filldraw z$$l{z@1-z$$l}...darkness[z@1,.5[z@2,z$$l] ]...z@2
      ---z$l--z$r--z@0--z$$r--cycle; % arm and beak
 else: 
   filldraw z$l--z$r--(x$$r,y$r)--(x$$r,y$l)--cycle; 
 fi
 penlabels(@0,@1,@2); enddef;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{pulled-super-arc}
% \begin{macro}{pulled-arc}
%    Hoenig's rewrite of Knuth's macros.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
vardef pulled_super_arc.l(suffix $, $$)(expr darkness)=
 pair corner;
 if y$=y$r: corner=(x$l, y$$l);
 else: corner=(x$$l,y$l); fi
 z$l{corner-z$l}...(darkness)[corner, .5[z$l, z$$l]]{z$$l-z$l}
 ...{z$$l-corner}z$$l enddef;
 
vardef pulled_super_arc.r(suffix $, $$)(expr darkness)=
 pair corner;
 if y$=y$r: corner=(x$r,y$$r);
 else: corner=(x$$r, y$r); fi
 z$r{corner-z$r}...(darkness)[corner, .5[z$r, z$$r]]{z$$r-z$r}
 ...z$$r{z$$r-corner} enddef;
 
vardef pulled_arc@#(suffix $, $$)=
 pulled_super_arc@#($,$$)(eta) enddef;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{cm-font-setup}
% \begin{macro}{slim-font-setup}
%  Hoenig's font set up.
%    \begin{macrocode}

let cm_font_setup=font_setup; % Knuth's original font_setup
 
def slim_font_setup = % trimmed font_setup for use with Pacioli caps only
 if monospace: let adjust_fit=mono_adjust_fit;
  def mfudged=fudged enddef;
  mono_charic#:=body_height#*slant;
  if mono_charic#<0: mono_charic#:=0; fi
  mono_charwd#:=9u#; define_whole_pixels(mono_charwd);
 else: let adjust_fit=normal_adjust_fit;
  def mfudged= enddef; fi
 define_pixels(u,width_adj,serif_fit,cap_serif_fit,jut,cap_jut,bar_height,
  dish,bracket,beak_jut,apex_o,apex_corr); 
 define_whole_pixels(letter_fit,fine,crisp,tiny);
 define_whole_vertical_pixels(body_height,asc_height,
  cap_height,x_height,comma_depth,desc_depth);
 define_whole_blacker_pixels(hair,stem,cap_stem);
 define_whole_vertical_blacker_pixels(vair,dslab,slab);
if slab<eps: slab:=eps fi;
 define_corrected_pixels(o);
 forsuffixes $=hair,stem,cap_stem:
  fudged$.#:=fudge*$.#; fudged$:=hround(fudged$.#*hppp+blacker);
  forever: exitif fudged$>.9fudge*$; fudged$:=fudged$+1; endfor endfor
 rule_thickness:=ceiling(rule_thickness#*hppp);
 heavy_rule_thickness:=ceiling(3rule_thickness#*hppp);
 oo:=vround(.5o#*hppp*o_correction)+eps;
 apex_oo:=vround(.5apex_o#*hppp*o_correction)+eps;
 lowres_fix(stem) 1.3;
 ess:=(ess#/stem#)*stem; cap_ess:=(cap_ess#/cap_stem#)*cap_stem;
 dw:=(curve#-stem#)*hppp; bold:=curve#*hppp+blacker;
 dh#:=.6designsize;
 more_super:=max(superness,sqrt .77superness);
 hein_super:=max(superness,sqrt .81225258superness); % that's $2^{-.3}$
 clear_pen_memory;
 if fine=0: fine:=1; fi
 forsuffixes $=fine,crisp,tiny:
%%% fine $ %%%% temporary formatting convention for MFT
  if $>fudged.hair: $:=fudged.hair; fi
  $.breadth:=$;
  pickup if $=0: nullpen else: pencircle scaled $; $:=$-eps fi;
  $.nib:=savepen; breadth_[$.nib]:=$;
  forsuffixes $$=lft,rt,top,bot: shiftdef($.$$,$$ 0); endfor endfor
%%% @ $ %%%% restore ordinary formatting for $
 min_Vround:=max(fine.breadth,crisp.breadth,tiny.breadth);
 if min_Vround<vround min_Vround: min_Vround:=vround min_Vround; fi
 pickup pencircle scaled rule_thickness; rule.nib:=savepen;
 currenttransform:=identity slanted slant
  yscaled aspect_ratio scaled granularity;
 if currenttransform=identity: let t_=relax
 else: def t_ = transformed currenttransform enddef fi;
 numeric paren_depth#; .5[body_height#,-paren_depth#]=math_axis#;
 numeric asc_depth#; .5[asc_height#,-asc_depth#]=math_axis#;
 body_depth:=desc_depth+body_height-asc_height;
 shrink_fit:=1+hround(2letter_fit#*hppp)-2letter_fit;
 if not string mode: if mode<=smoke: shrink_fit:=0; fi fi
 enddef;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{pacioli-font-setup}
%    This macro contains additional set up for the Pacioli fonts.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
def pacioli_font_setup= % contains special stuff for Pacioli fonts
  define_pixels(side,thick,thin,medium,half_height);
  define_pixels(Hrad,Lrad,lrad,srad,trad);
  define_pixels(dot_size,math_axis,flare,stem_corr,curve);  
  if not known dslab#: dslab=eps; fi
enddef;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%  END OF MACROS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    Set the mode and font setup.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
font_coding_scheme:="ASCII caps and punctuation";
 
mode_setup; 
 
pacioli_font_setup;
if whole_font: font_setup; %slab:=eps;  
 define_whole_vertical_blacker_pixels(dslab,slab);
 else: slim_font_setup; fi

%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
%    We generate Pacioli's uppercase letters, together with (matching)
% Computer Modern Roman punctuation and some analphabetics.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
input cpcromanu;   % Pacioli upper case (majuscules)
input cpcpunct;    % punctuation
input cpclig;      % the several dashes
input cpcromanp    % ampersand and ?mark

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Finally, do the uppercase ligtable.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
font_slant slant; font_x_height x_height#;
if monospace: font_normal_space 9u#; % no stretching or shrinking
 font_quad 18u#;
 font_extra_space 9u#;
else: font_normal_space 6u#+2letter_fit#;
 font_normal_stretch 3u#; font_normal_shrink 2u#;
 font_quad 18u#+4letter_fit#;
 font_extra_space 2u#;
 k#:=-.5u#; kk#:=-1.5u#; kkk#:=-2u#; % three degrees of kerning
 ligtable "P": "T": "Y": "A" kern kk#;
 ligtable "F": "V": "W": "A" kern if serifs: kkk# else: kk#fi,
  "K": "X": "O" kern k#, "C" kern k#, "G" kern k#, "Q" kern k#;
 ligtable "O": "D": "X" kern k#, "W" kern k#, "A" kern k#,
   "V" kern k#, "Y" kern k#;
 ligtable "A": if serifs: "R": fi
  "C" kern k#, "O" kern k#, "G" kern k#, "U" kern k#, "Q" kern k#,
  "L": "T" kern kk#, "Y" kern kkk#, "V" kern kk#, "W" kern kkk#;
ligtable "I": "I" kern -k#; fi % Richard III

bye.

%</mfd>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{The majuscule code}
%
%    The following code is based on Alan Hoenig's code for the D\"{u}rer
% characters. The geometry, of course, is different for Pacioli's characters.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*maj>
% CPCROMANU.MF Program files for formal Computer Pacioli fonts.
% Based on Alan Hoenig's dromanu.mf for Durer fonts

def checkthin=
if thin-currentbreadth<eps: thin:=currentbreadth+eps; fi; 
if thin-currentbreadth<eps: thin:=currentbreadth+eps; fi enddef;
 
numeric P_width#; P_width#=cap_jut#+3thick#+1/4side#-thin#;
define_pixels(P_width); 
 
pair xeps, yeps; xeps=(eps,0); yeps=(0,eps);
numeric tail_corr; tail_corr=1/8; 
numeric cap_jut_factor; cap_jut_factor=8/7;

numeric pcshiftx#; % x value of LHS of Pacioli box wrt origin of char box
define_pixels(pcshiftx);

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \begin{macro}{A}
%    The letter A. The right and left legs are |thick| and |medium| 
% respectively, while the cross-bar is |thin|. With serifs, it just fits
% inside the square. The apex is slightly extended, then an arc is removed.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Pacioli's letter A";
beginchar("A", 2u#+side#, cap_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(cap_serif_fit#, cap_serif_fit#);
pcshiftx := u;
top y3= top y2=h + 2cap_jut;
  % for left leg
numeric alpha[]; alpha1=(h++(0.5side - cap_jut - 0.5thin))/(side);
penpos1(alpha1*medium,0); penpos2(alpha1*medium,0); 
  % and for the right leg
alpha2=(h++(0.5side-0.5thick))/(side);
penpos3(alpha2*thick,0); penpos4(alpha2*thick,0);
lft x1l=cap_jut_factor*lrad+.5u; rt x4r=pcshiftx + side;
bot y1=bot y4=0 if monospace: +1/2 crisp fi;
x3r=x2l = 0.5side + pcshiftx;
z0=whatever[z1r,z2r]=whatever[z3l,z4l];
fill z0--diag_end(0,4l,1,1,4r,3r)--z3r..z2l--diag_end(2l,1l,1,1,1r,0)
  --z0..cycle;  % diagonals
top y5r=top y6r=hround(h/2); top y5r-bot y5l=top y6r-bot y6l=thin;
penpos5(whatever, angle(z2-z1)); penpos6(whatever, angle(z3-z4));
z5=whatever[z1,z2]; z6=whatever[z3,z4];
penstroke z5e--z6e; % bar line
pickup tiny.nib;
numeric top_bar; top_bar=top y5r-bot y6l;
if monospace: pickup pencircle scaled 0pt; 
 pos11(top_bar,90); pos12(top_bar,90);
 top y11r=top y12r=h; w/2=.5[x11,x12]; x12-x11=apex_corr+2cap_jut;
 fill z11l--z12l{right}..tension atleast.95..{left}z12r--z11r{left}..
 tension atleast.95..{right}cycle; 
 penlabels(11,12); fi
if serifs: bracket:=10/7 bracket; cap_jut:=cap_jut_factor*cap_jut;
 pickup tiny.nib; numeric jut_factor; 
 if monospace: jut_factor:=1; else: jut_factor:=3/4; fi
 serif(1,2,a,.8serif_darkness,-cap_jut);serif(4,3,d,.8serif_darkness, cap_jut); 
 bracket:=jut_factor*bracket; if monospace: jut_factor:=.6; fi
 serif(1,2,b,7/8 serif_darkness,jut_factor*cap_jut); 
 serif(4,3,c,7/8 serif_darkness,-jut_factor*cap_jut);
 fi
% remove the apex 
  x20 = x2l - 0.5lrad; y20 = side+lrad;
  erase filldraw fullcircle scaled 2lrad shifted (x20,y20);
proofpcbb(1, lrad+0.5medium, 0);
penlabels(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,20); endchar;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{B}
%    The letter B.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Pacioli's letter B";
beginchar("B",u#+cap_jut#+0.64side#, cap_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(cap_serif_fit#,0); pickup tiny.nib;
pcshiftx := 0.5u;
pos1(thick,0); pos2(thick,0); lft x1l=lft x2l=pcshiftx+cap_jut;
 bot y2=0; top y1=h; filldraw stroke z1e--z2e; % vertical stem
pos3(thin,-90); pos5(thick,0); pos7(medium,90);
z3r=z2; y4l=y3l; x4l=x3l+thick; y4r=y3r; x4r=x4l+thick-1/2thin; z4=.5[z4l,z4r];
y7=h/2; x7=x1; y6l=y7l; x6l=x4l; top y6r-bot y6l=medium; x6r=x4r; 
z6=.5[z6r,z6l];
x5=hround(x1+0.64side-thick); y5=0.25side;
filldraw stroke z3e--z4e..pulled_arc.e(4,5)&pulled_arc.e(5,6)..z6e--z7e;
 % bottom lobe
pos7'(thin,-90); pos8(thick,0); pos10(medium,90);
z7'=z7; z6'=z6; x6'r=x4r; x6'l=x4l; y6'r=y7'r; y6'l=y7'l;
z10r=z1; x9r=x6'r; x9l=x6'l; y9r=y10r; top y9r-bot y9l=medium; z9=.5[z9r,z9l];
x8=hround(x1+0.53side-thick); y8=.75side;
filldraw stroke z7'e--z6'e..pulled_arc.e(6',8)&pulled_arc.e(8,9)
 ..z9e--z10e; % upper lobe
if serifs: serif(1,2,a, serif_darkness,-cap_jut); 
  serif(2,1,b,serif_darkness,-cap_jut);
 numeric tempa_, tempb_; tempa_=slab; tempb_=bracket;
 slab:=thin; bracket:=2/3cap_jut; serif(2,1,c,serif_darkness,2/3cap_jut); 
 slab:=tempa_; bracket:=tempb_; fi
proofpcbb(2, cap_jut+0.5thick, 0);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12); 
penlabels(6',7'); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{c}
%    The letter C. This is Pacioli's original definition.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Pacioli's original letter C";
beginchar("c",2u#+.95side#, cap_height#, 0);  
adjust_fit(0, 0); if monospace: pickup fine.nib; else: pickup tiny.nib;fi
pcshiftx := u;
numeric alpha; alpha=w-u-thick;    
pos2(thin, 90); x2=.5[x3r,x0r]; top y2r=h;% topmost pen position
pos3(thick,180); lft z3r=(u,h/2);
pos4(thin, 270); x4=x2; bot y4r=0;  % bottommost pen position
pos0(thick,0); lft z0l=(w+thick-u,h/2); 
path p, p', line.u, line.b; line.u=(alpha,1.5h)--(alpha,h/2); 
 line.b=(.5[alpha,x0],0)--(.5[alpha,x0],h/2);
p=pulled_arc.r(0,2)&pulled_arc.r(2,3)&pulled_arc.r(3,4)
  &pulled_arc.r(4,0)&cycle;
p'=pulled_arc.l(0,2)&pulled_arc.l(2,3)&pulled_arc.l(3,4)
  &pulled_arc.l(4,0)&cycle;
z'1l=line.u intersectionpoint p'; z'1r=line.u intersectionpoint p; 
bot rt z1l=z'1l; top rt z1r=z'1r; z1=.5[z1l,z1r];
z'5l=line.b intersectionpoint p'; z'5r=line.b intersectionpoint p;
z5r = (side+pcshiftx-3/4thick, 3/4thick); z5l = (x5r+o, y5r+1.5thick); z5=.5[z5r,z5l];
if not monospace: 
 x1l:=x1l+.6thin; y1l:=y1r-1.0thick-2tiny;
  y5l:=2thick+y5r-2tiny; fi
if monospace: x1:=x1l:=x1r:=x5; y1:=y1-thin; y1l:=y1l-thin; y1r:=y1r-.6thin; fi
 % readjust to have a better opening in CDTT
numeric slope_factor; if monospace:slope_factor=4/3; else:slope_factor=3/4; fi
filldraw 
 z1r{-1,slope_factor}...{left}z2r..pulled_arc.r(2,3)&
 pulled_arc.r(3,4)..{right}z4r..tension 0.9..z5r--
 reverse
  (z1l..tension 0.9..{left}z2l..pulled_arc.l(2,3)&pulled_arc.l(3,4)..{right}z4l
  ..tension 0.9..z5l)
 ..(z1l+(eps,0))--(z1r+(eps,0))..cycle;
proofpcbb(3, 0.5thick, 0.5side);
penlabels(0,1,2,3,4,5); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{C}
%    The letter C. This includes an optical adjustment at the top and bottom
% of the character.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Pacioli's letter C";
beginchar("C",2u#+.95side#, cap_height#, 0);  
adjust_fit(0, 0); if monospace: pickup fine.nib; else: pickup tiny.nib;fi
pcshiftx := u;
numeric alpha; alpha=w-u-thick;    
pos2(thin, 90); x2=.5[x3r,x0r]; top y2r=h+o;% topmost pen position
pos3(thick,180); lft z3r=(u,h/2);
pos4(thin, 270); x4=x2; bot y4r=-o;  % bottommost pen position
pos0(thick,0); lft z0l=(w+thick-u,h/2); 
path p, p', line.u, line.b; line.u=(alpha,1.5h)--(alpha,h/2); 
 line.b=(.5[alpha,x0],0)--(.5[alpha,x0],h/2);
p=pulled_arc.r(0,2)&pulled_arc.r(2,3)&pulled_arc.r(3,4)
  &pulled_arc.r(4,0)&cycle;
p'=pulled_arc.l(0,2)&pulled_arc.l(2,3)&pulled_arc.l(3,4)
  &pulled_arc.l(4,0)&cycle;
z'1l=line.u intersectionpoint p'; z'1r=line.u intersectionpoint p; 
bot rt z1l=z'1l; top rt z1r=z'1r; z1=.5[z1l,z1r];
z'5l=line.b intersectionpoint p'; z'5r=line.b intersectionpoint p;
z5r = (side+pcshiftx-3/4thick, 3/4thick); z5l = (x5r+o, y5r+1.5thick); z5=.5[z5r,z5l];
if not monospace: 
 x1l:=x1l+.6thin; y1l:=y1r-1.0thick-2tiny;
  y5l:=2thick+y5r-2tiny; fi
if monospace: x1:=x1l:=x1r:=x5; y1:=y1-thin; y1l:=y1l-thin; y1r:=y1r-.6thin; fi
 % readjust to have a better opening in CDTT
numeric slope_factor; if monospace:slope_factor=4/3; else:slope_factor=3/4; fi
filldraw 
 z1r{-1,slope_factor}...{left}z2r..pulled_arc.r(2,3)&
 pulled_arc.r(3,4)..{right}z4r..tension 0.9..z5r--
 reverse
  (z1l..tension 0.9..{left}z2l..pulled_arc.l(2,3)&pulled_arc.l(3,4)..{right}z4l
  ..tension 0.9..z5l)
 ..(z1l+(eps,0))--(z1r+(eps,0))..cycle;
proofpcbb(3, 0.5thick, 0.5side);
penlabels(0,1,2,3,4,5); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{D}
%    The letter D. With serifs, it fills the square.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Pacioli's letter D";
beginchar("D", cap_jut#+.95side#+u#, cap_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(cap_serif_fit#,0);
pickup tiny.nib; pos1(cap_stem,0); pos2(cap_stem,0);
lft x1l=.5u+cap_jut; x2=x1; bot y2=0; top y1=h; 
filldraw stroke z1e--z2e; % stem
pos3(thin, 90); pos5(thick, 0); pos7(5/4thin, -90);
x3=x7=x1; top y3r=h; bot y7r=0; 
y5=good.y h/2; x5=h-3/2thick+x1;
if not monospace: x4r=x6r=hround(w/2); top y4r=h; bot y6r=0; 
  bot y4l=vround(h-thin); top y6l=vround 5/4thin; 
  x4l=x6l;  2(lft x5l-x4l)=y4l-y6l;
  z4=.5[z4l, z4r]; z6=.5[z6l, z6r];
  else: pos4(thin,90); pos6(thin,-90); x4=x6=hround w/2; top y4r=h; bot y6r=0; 
fi
filldraw stroke z3e{right}...pulled_super_arc.e(4,5,eta)&
  pulled_super_arc.e(5,6,eta)...{left}z7e; % lobe
if serifs: serif(1, 2, a, serif_darkness, -cap_jut); 
           serif(2, 1, b, serif_darkness, -cap_jut);
  if not monospace: numeric temp_; temp_=slab; slab:=5/4thin; 
    serif(2, 1, c, serif_darkness, cap_jut); slab:=temp_; fi fi
proofpcbb(2, cap_jut+0.5thick, 0);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{E}
%    The letter E. It is half the width of the square, but the bottom arm
% is slighty longer.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Pacioli's letter E";
numeric topbar_; topbar_=1/2;          % half the square for Pacioli
numeric middlebar_; middlebar_=10/31;  % as measured
beginchar("E", u#+cap_jut#+5.25thick#, cap_height#,0);
adjust_fit(cap_serif_fit#,0); 
pcshiftx := 0.5u;
pickup tiny.nib; pos1(cap_stem,0); pos2(cap_stem,0);
lft x1l=lft x2l=.5u+cap_jut; top y1=h; bot y2=0;
filldraw stroke z1e--z2e; % stem
pickup crisp.nib; % prepare for arms and serifs
pos3(medium,90); pos4(dslab,0); 
x1=x3; top y3r=h; rt x4l=x2l+topbar_*side;
 bot y4=vround(h-if monospace: 2 fi vstretch*thick);
arm(3,4,d,serif_darkness,0); % top arm and beak
pos5(thin,-90); pos0(thin,90); pos6(dslab,0); pos7(dslab,0);
x5=x0=x1; y5=y0=hround(h/2); rt x6r=rt x7r= x1r+middlebar_*side;
top y6-bot y7= thin+3/4thick; y5=.5[y6,y7];
arm(5,6,e,eta,0); arm(0,7,f,eta,0);  % middle arms and beaks
% now do the bottom arm
pos8(medium,-90); pos9(dslab,0); x8=x2; bot y8r=0; rt x9r=hround(x2l+5.25thick);
y9=y8r+thick;
foot(8,9,g,serif_darkness,0.25thick); % lower arm 
if serifs: serif(1,2,a,serif_darkness,-cap_jut); 
           serif(2,1,b,serif_darkness,-cap_jut);
  if not monospace: temp_:=slab; slab:=medium; tmp_:=bracket; bracket:=cap_jut+medium;
    serif(2,1,c,serif_darkness,cap_jut); 
    slab:=temp_; bracket:=tmp_; fi fi
proofpcbb(2, cap_jut+0.5thick, 0);
penlabels(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9); endchar; % end of "E"
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{F}
%    The letter F. This is an E without the bottom arm.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Pacioli's letter F";
numeric topbar_; topbar_=1/2;   % half the square for Pacioli
numeric middlebar_; middlebar_=10/31;  % as measured
beginchar("F", u#+1/2side#+cap_jut#, cap_height#,0);
adjust_fit(cap_serif_fit#,0); 
pcshiftx := 0.5u;
pickup tiny.nib; pos1(cap_stem,0); pos2(cap_stem,0);
lft x1l=lft x2l=.5u+cap_jut; top y1=h; bot y2=0;
filldraw stroke z1e--z2e; % stem
pickup crisp.nib; % prepare for arms and serifs
pos3(medium,90); pos4(dslab,0); 
x1=x3; top y3r=h; rt x4l= x2l+topbar_*side;
 bot y4=vround(h-if monospace: 2 fi vstretch*thick);
arm(3,4,d,serif_darkness,0); % top arm and beak
pos5(thin,-90); pos0(thin,90); pos6(dslab,0); pos7(dslab,0);
x5=x0=x1; y5=y0=hround(h/2); rt x6r=rt x7r= x1r+middlebar_*side;
top y6-bot y7= thin + 3/4thick; y5=.5[y6,y7];
arm(5,6,e,eta,0); arm(0,7,f,eta,0);  % middle arms and beaks
if serifs: serif(1,2,a,serif_darkness,-cap_jut); 
 serif(2,1,b,serif_darkness,-cap_jut); serif(2,1,c,serif_darkness, cap_jut);
 fi
proofpcbb(2, cap_jut+0.5thick, 0);
penlabels(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7); endchar; % end of "F"
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{g}
%    The letter G. This is based on the C and is Pacioli's original definition.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Pacioli's original letter G";
beginchar("g",2u#+.925side#, cap_height#, 0);  
adjust_fit(0, cap_serif_fit#); 
pcshiftx := u;
if monospace: pickup fine.nib; else: pickup tiny.nib;fi
% This code is identical to that for the letter C.
numeric alpha; alpha=w-u-thick;    
pos2(thin, 90); x2=.5[x3r,x0r]; top y2r=h;% topmost pen position
pos3(thick,180); lft z3r=(u,h/2);
pos4(thin, 270); x4=x2; bot y4r=0;
pos0(thick,0); lft z0l=(w+thick-u,h/2); 
path p, p', line.u, line.b; line.u=(alpha,1.5h)--(alpha,h/2); 
 line.b=(.5[alpha,x0],0)--(.5[alpha,x0],h/2);
p=pulled_arc.r(0,2)&pulled_arc.r(2,3)&pulled_arc.r(3,4)
  &pulled_arc.r(4,0)&cycle;
p'=pulled_arc.l(0,2)&pulled_arc.l(2,3)&pulled_arc.l(3,4)
  &pulled_arc.l(4,0)&cycle;
z'1l=line.u intersectionpoint p'; z'1r=line.u intersectionpoint p; 
bot rt z1l=z'1l; top rt z1r=z'1r; z1=.5[z1l,z1r];
z'5l=line.b intersectionpoint p'; z'5r=line.b intersectionpoint p;
z5r = (side+pcshiftx-3/4thick, 3/4thick); z5l = (x5r+o, y5r+1.5thick); z5=.5[z5r, z5l];
if not monospace: 
 x1l:=x1l+.6thin; y1l:=y1r-1.0thick-2tiny;
 y5l:=2thick+y5r-2tiny; fi
if monospace: x1:=x1l:=x1r:=x5; y1:=y1-thin; y1l:=y1l-thin; y1r:=y1r-.6thin; fi
 % readjust to have a better opening in CDTT
numeric slope_factor; if monospace:slope_factor=4/3; else:slope_factor=3/4; fi
% Addtional G work (preceding program is the same as that for letter C)!
path p,p',line.o, line.i;
p=z1r{-1,slope_factor}..{left}pulled_arc.r(2,3)&
 pulled_arc.r(3,4){right}..tension 0.9..z5r;
p'= reverse
  (z1l..tension 0.9..{left}pulled_arc.l(2,3)&pulled_arc.l(3,4){right}
  ..tension 0.9..z5l);
pos7(thick,0); 
top z7=(x1r,7/2thick);
numeric counter; counter=0;
forever: 
 counter:=counter+1;
 line.o:=z7r--(x7r,-2o); line.i:=(z7r-(thick,0))--(x7r-thick,-2o);
 numeric t[],tt[];
 (t1,tt1)=p intersectiontimes line.o; (t2,tt2)=p' intersectiontimes line.i;
 exitif t1*t2>0; forsuffixes $$=l, r: x7$$:=x7$$-.1u; endfor 
 x7:=x7-.1u; endfor 
x6r=x7r; x6l=x7l; bot y6r=ypart point t1 of p; bot y6l=ypart point t2 of p';
z6=.5[z6r,z6l];
p:= subpath(0,t1) of p..(z6r-xeps+yeps)--(z6l+xeps+yeps)..
 subpath(t2,infinity) of p'..(z1l+xeps)--cycle; 
filldraw p;
filldraw z6l--z7l--z7r--z6r--cycle;
if serifs: serif(7,6,a,serif_darkness,-srad); 
 serif(7,6,b,serif_darkness, srad); fi
proofpcbb(3, 0.5thick, 0.5side);
penlabels(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{G}
%    The letter G. This is based on the C and has optical adjustments.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Pacioli's letter G";
beginchar("G",2u#+.925side#, cap_height#, 0);  
adjust_fit(0, cap_serif_fit#); 
pcshiftx := u;
if monospace: pickup fine.nib; else: pickup tiny.nib;fi
% This code is identical to that for the letter C.
numeric alpha; alpha=w-u-thick;    
pos2(thin, 90); x2=.5[x3r,x0r]; top y2r=h+o;% topmost pen position
pos3(thick,180); lft z3r=(u,h/2);
pos4(thin, 270); x4=x2; bot y4r=-o;
pos0(thick,0); lft z0l=(w+thick-u,h/2); 
path p, p', line.u, line.b; line.u=(alpha,1.5h)--(alpha,h/2); 
 line.b=(.5[alpha,x0],0)--(.5[alpha,x0],h/2);
p=pulled_arc.r(0,2)&pulled_arc.r(2,3)&pulled_arc.r(3,4)
  &pulled_arc.r(4,0)&cycle;
p'=pulled_arc.l(0,2)&pulled_arc.l(2,3)&pulled_arc.l(3,4)
  &pulled_arc.l(4,0)&cycle;
z'1l=line.u intersectionpoint p'; z'1r=line.u intersectionpoint p; 
bot rt z1l=z'1l; top rt z1r=z'1r; z1=.5[z1l,z1r];
z'5l=line.b intersectionpoint p'; z'5r=line.b intersectionpoint p;
z5r = (side+pcshiftx-3/4thick, 3/4thick); z5l = (x5r+o, y5r+1.5thick); z5=.5[z5r, z5l];
if not monospace: 
 x1l:=x1l+.6thin; y1l:=y1r-1.0thick-2tiny;
 y5l:=2thick+y5r-2tiny; fi
if monospace: x1:=x1l:=x1r:=x5; y1:=y1-thin; y1l:=y1l-thin; y1r:=y1r-.6thin; fi
 % readjust to have a better opening in CDTT
numeric slope_factor; if monospace:slope_factor=4/3; else:slope_factor=3/4; fi
% Addtional G work (preceding program is the same as that for letter C)!
path p,p',line.o, line.i;
p=z1r{-1,slope_factor}..{left}pulled_arc.r(2,3)&
 pulled_arc.r(3,4){right}..tension 0.9..z5r;
p'= reverse
  (z1l..tension 0.9..{left}pulled_arc.l(2,3)&pulled_arc.l(3,4){right}
  ..tension 0.9..z5l);
pos7(thick,0); 
top z7=(x1r,7/2thick);
numeric counter; counter=0;
forever: 
 counter:=counter+1;
 line.o:=z7r--(x7r,-2o); line.i:=(z7r-(thick,0))--(x7r-thick,-2o);
 numeric t[],tt[];
 (t1,tt1)=p intersectiontimes line.o; (t2,tt2)=p' intersectiontimes line.i;
 exitif t1*t2>0; forsuffixes $$=l, r: x7$$:=x7$$-.1u; endfor 
 x7:=x7-.1u; endfor 
x6r=x7r; x6l=x7l; bot y6r=ypart point t1 of p; bot y6l=ypart point t2 of p';
z6=.5[z6r,z6l];
p:= subpath(0,t1) of p..(z6r-xeps+yeps)--(z6l+xeps+yeps)..
 subpath(t2,infinity) of p'..(z1l+xeps)--cycle; 
filldraw p;
filldraw z6l--z7l--z7r--z6r--cycle;
if serifs: serif(7,6,a,serif_darkness,-srad); 
 serif(7,6,b,serif_darkness, srad); fi
proofpcbb(3, 0.5thick, 0.5side);
penlabels(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{H}
%    The letter H. With serifs, this fills the square. The two legs are
% |thick| and the cross-bar is |thin| like the A.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Pacioli's letter H";
beginchar("H", u#+side#, cap_height#,0);
adjust_fit(cap_serif_fit#, cap_serif_fit#); pickup tiny.nib;
forsuffixes t=1,2,3,4: pos.t(thick,0); endfor
lft x1l=lft x2l=.5u+cap_jut; bot y2=0; top y1=h;
filldraw stroke z1e--z2e; % left vertical stem
x3=x4=w-x1; y3=y1; y4=y2; 
filldraw stroke z3e--z4e; % right vertical stem
pos5(thin, 90); pos6(thin,90);
x5=.5[x1r,x1l]; x6=w-x5; top y5r=top y6r=h/2;
filldraw stroke z5e--z6e; % horizontal crossbar
if serifs: 
 serif(1,2,a,serif_darkness,-cap_jut); serif(1,2,b,serif_darkness,cap_jut); 
 serif(2,1,c,serif_darkness,-cap_jut); serif(2,1,d,serif_darkness,cap_jut); 
 serif(3,4,e,serif_darkness,-cap_jut); serif(3,4,f,serif_darkness,cap_jut); 
 serif(4,3,g,serif_darkness,-cap_jut); serif(4,3,h,serif_darkness,cap_jut); fi
proofpcbb(2, cap_jut+0.5thick, 0);
labels(1,2,3,4,5,6); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{I}
%    The letter I.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Pacioli's letter I";
beginchar("I", .5u#+2cap_jut#+cap_stem#+.5u#, cap_height#,0);
adjust_fit(cap_serif_fit#, cap_serif_fit#);
pickup tiny.nib; checkthin; pos1(cap_stem,0); pos2(cap_stem,0);
x1=x2=hround(w/2); top y1=h; bot y2=0;
filldraw stroke z1e--z2e; % vertical stem
if serifs: 
  serif(1, 2, a, serif_darkness, -cap_jut); 
  serif(1, 2, b, serif_darkness, cap_jut); % top lft,rt
  serif(2, 1, c, serif_darkness, -cap_jut); 
  serif(2, 1, d, serif_darkness, cap_jut); % bot lft,rt
fi
proofpcbb(2, 0.5side, 0);
penlabels(1, 2); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{J}
%    The letter J. Pacioli didn't specify a J, so we'll use D\"{u}rer's
% J instead (with suitable changes to the serifs).
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Pacioli's letter J";
%% Pacioli didn't have a J, so use Durer's.
beginchar("J",u#+3thick#+cap_jut#,cap_height#, 1/4 cap_height#);
adjust_fit(0, cap_serif_fit#); pickup tiny.nib;
pos1(thick,0); pos2(thick,0); pos3(thin, -90);
top y1=h; rt x1r=w-.5u-cap_jut; x2=x1; bot y2=0; lft x3=.5u; bot y3r=-d;
filldraw stroke z1e--z2e{down}..{left}z3e;
if serifs: serif(1,2,a,serif_darkness,-cap_jut);
 serif(1,2,b,serif_darkness,cap_jut); fi
proofpcbb(2, 0.5side, 0);
penlabels(1,2,3); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{K}
%    The letter K.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Pacioli's letter K";
beginchar("K", 3/2u#+side#, cap_height#,0);
adjust_fit(cap_serif_fit#,0); pickup tiny.nib;
pcshiftx := 3/4u;
pair durer[]; % represent Pacioli's corner points
durer1=(pcshiftx,side); durer2=(pcshiftx+side,side); durer3=(xpart durer1,0); 
 durer4=(xpart durer2,0);
numeric diag_angle[]; 
diag_angle1=angle(durer2-durer3);
diag_angle2=angle(durer1-durer4);
numeric alpha; 
alpha=((xpart durer2 - xpart durer1)++h)/h;
pos1(thick,0); pos2(thick,0); 
lft x1l=lft x2l=pcshiftx+cap_jut;
 top y1=h; bot y2=0; filldraw stroke z1e--z2e; % left stem
pos3(alpha*medium,0); pos4(alpha*medium,0); z4l = (x2,h/2);
top y3=h; z3r-z4r=whatever*(durer2-durer3);
z0=whatever[z1r,z2r]=whatever[z3l,z4l]; 
filldraw z4l--z3l--z3r--z4r--cycle; % upper diagonal stroke
pos5(alpha*thick,0); pos6(alpha*thick,0);
z5l = z4l;
bot y6=0; z5r-z6r=whatever*(durer1-durer4);
z10 = whatever[z3r,z4r]=whatever[z6r,z5r];
filldraw z6l--z5l--z10--z6r--cycle;  % bottom leg
if serifs:
 serif(1,2,a,serif_darkness,-cap_jut); serif(1,2,b,serif_darkness,cap_jut); 
 serif(2,1,c,serif_darkness,-cap_jut); serif(2,1,d,serif_darkness,cap_jut);
 numeric old_jut, old_brack; old_jut=cap_jut; old_brack=bracket;
% serifs on top leg
 bracket:=.5old_brack;cap_jut:=.5old_jut;
 if not monospace: serif(3,4,e,serif_darkness,-cap_jut); fi
 bracket:=2old_brack; cap_jut:=2old_jut; 
  serif(3,4,f,.6serif_darkness,if monospace:.7 fi cap_jut);
% serifs on bottom leg
 bracket:=.5old_brack;cap_jut:=.5old_jut;
 if not monospace: serif(6,5,g,serif_darkness,-cap_jut); fi
 bracket:=2old_brack; cap_jut:=2old_jut; 
  serif(6,5,h,.6serif_darkness,if monospace:.7 fi cap_jut);
 cap_jut:=old_jut; bracket:=old_brack;
fi
proofpcbb(2, pcshiftx+cap_jut+0.5thick, 0);
penlabels(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{L}
%    The letter L. This is similar, but not identical, to the left leg and
% bottom arm of Pacioli's E.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Pacioli's letter L";
numeric topbar_; if monospace: topbar_=11/15; 
  else: topbar_=17/30; fi % Duerer's wierd value
beginchar("L", u#+cap_jut#+5.75thick#, cap_height#,0);
adjust_fit(cap_serif_fit#,0); 
pcshiftx := 0.5u;
pickup tiny.nib; pos1(cap_stem,0); pos2(cap_stem,0);
lft x1l=lft x2l=.5u+cap_jut; top y1=h; bot y2=0;
filldraw stroke z1e--z2e; % stem
pickup crisp.nib; % prepare for arms and serifs
pos3(thin,90); 
pos8(medium,-90); pos9(dslab,0); x8=x2; bot y8r=0; rt x9r=hround(x2l+5.75thick);
y9=y8r+1.5thick; foot(8,9,g,serif_darkness,0.75thick); 
  % lower arm 
if serifs: serif(1,2,a,serif_darkness,-cap_jut); 
 serif(2,1,b,serif_darkness,-cap_jut); serif(1,2,d,serif_darkness,cap_jut);
 if not monospace: temp_:=slab; slab:=medium; tmp_:=bracket; bracket:=thick+medium;
  serif(2,1,c,serif_darkness,thick); 
  slab:=temp_; bracket:=tmp_; fi fi
proofpcbb(2, cap_jut+0.5thick, 0);
penlabels(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9); endchar; % end of "L"
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{M}
%    The letter M. This has slightly sloping right and left legs. The serifs
% extend a little way outside the square.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar"Pacioli's letter M";
beginchar("M", u#+cap_jut#+side#, cap_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(cap_serif_fit#, cap_serif_fit#); pickup tiny.nib;
pcshiftx := 0.5u;
pos1(medium,0); pos2(medium,0); 
  lft x2l=pcshiftx+cap_jut; top y1=h; bot y2=0;
  lft x1l = lft x2l + side*sind(1);  % left leg has 1 degree angle
pos3(thick,0); pos4(thick,0); 
  x4r=pcshiftx+side; top y3=h; bot y4=0;
  x3r=x4r-side*sind(3);              % right leg has 3 degree angle
numeric long, short, hypot, alpha; long=side; short=1/2side;
hypot=long++short; alpha=hypot/long;
pos5(alpha*thick,0); pos6(alpha*thick,0);  % left inner
z5l=(2pcshiftx,side); bot lft z6l=(pcshiftx+1/2side,0);
pos7(alpha*medium,0); pos8(alpha*medium,0); % right inner
z7r=z6l; z8r=z3r; z0=whatever[z5r,z6r]=whatever[z7l,z8l];
z10=whatever[z5l,z6l]=whatever[z1r,z2r];
z11=whatever[z7r,z8r]=whatever[z3l,z4l];
% draw the M all in one go
filldraw z5r--z0--z8l--z3r--z4r--z4l--z11--z6l--z10--z2r--z2l--z1l--cycle;
if serifs: 
 serif(2,1,a,serif_darkness,-cap_jut); serif(1,2,b,serif_darkness,-lrad); 
 serif(3,4,c,serif_darkness, lrad); serif(4,3,d,serif_darkness, lrad); 
 serif(2,1,e,serif_darkness,cap_jut); serif(4,3,f,serif_darkness,-cap_jut);
  % lower, inner serifs
 fi
proofpcbb(2, cap_jut+0.5medium, 0);
penlabels(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,11); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{N}
%    The letter N. With serifs it fills the square, and perhaps the top left
% serif protrudes a tiny bit.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Pacioli's letter N";
beginchar("N", u#+2cap_jut#+.8side#, cap_height#,0);
adjust_fit(cap_serif_fit#, cap_serif_fit#); pickup tiny.nib;
numeric long, short, hypot, alpha; long=h; short=side-2cap_jut;
hypot=long++short; alpha=hypot/long;
pos1(medium,0); pos2(medium,0); lft x1l=lft x2l=.5u+cap_jut; top y1=h; bot y2=0;
pos3(medium,0); pos4(medium,0); x3=x4; x3=x2+side-2cap_jut-medium; y3=y1; y4=y2;
pos 5(alpha*thick,0); pos6(alpha*thick,0);
z5r=z1r; z6l=z4r; z0=whatever[z1r,z2r]=whatever[z5l,z6l]; % under notch point
z0'=whatever[z5r,z6r]=whatever[z3l,z4l];
filldraw z1r--z1l--z2l--z2r--z0--z6l--z3r--z3l--z0'--cycle;
if serifs: 
 serif(2,1,b,serif_darkness,-cap_jut); serif(2,1,c,serif_darkness,cap_jut);
  % bottom, left serifs
 serif(3,4,d,serif_darkness,-cap_jut);serif(3,4,e,serif_darkness,cap_jut);
  % top right serifs
 z.a=(x1l-1.5cap_jut,y1); pickup tiny.nib; filldraw 
  z0{z0-z4r}..{left}(z.a-(0,eps))..z.a--z1r--cycle;
  % top left serif
  serif(1,2,a,serif_darkness,-lrad);
  fi
proofpcbb(2, cap_jut+0.5medium, 0);
penlabels(0,0',1,2,3,4,5,6); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{o}
%    The letter O. He actually specifies two versions of the letter, but
% this one is \textit{perfectissimo}. It is oversquare horizontally.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Pacioli's original letter O";
beginchar("o", 2u#+side#+2o#, cap_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0); pair durer[];
pcshiftx := u;
x2r=pcshiftx-o; x4r=w-pcshiftx+o; y1r=h; y3r=0; z0=(w/2,h/2);
z0=.5[z5,z6]; numeric axis_angle;
durer1=(x2r,y1r-o); durer2=(x4r, ypart durer1);
durer3=(xpart durer1, y3r+o); durer4=(xpart durer2, ypart durer3);
axis_angle=angle(durer2-durer3);
z5-z6=(thick,0)rotated axis_angle;
y2r=y6; y4r=y5; x1r=x5; x3r=x6;
forsuffixes $=1,2,3,4: z$=.5[z$l,z$r]; endfor
x1l=x3r; y1l-y6=y6-y3r; x5-x2l=x4r-x5; y2l=y4r;
x3l=x1r; y1r-y5=y5-y3l; x4l-x6=x6-x2r; y4l=y2r;
path p,p';
p=pulled_arc.r(1,2)&reverse pulled_arc.r(3,2)&
  pulled_arc.r(3,4)&reverse pulled_arc.r(1,4)&cycle;
path anti_diag; anti_diag=z0--durer1;
z21r=p intersectionpoint anti_diag; penpos21(thin, axis_angle+90);
x43r=w-x21r; y43r=h-y21r; penpos43(thin, axis_angle+270);
path diag; diag=z0--durer2;
z41r=diag intersectionpoint p; penpos41(thick, axis_angle);
x32r=w-x41r; y32r=h-y41r; penpos32(thick, axis_angle+180);
if not monospace: p'=
  z1l{left}..z21l..z2l{down}..z32l..
  z3l{right}..z43l..
  z4l{up}..z41l..{left}cycle;
 else:p'=z1l..z21l..z32l..z3l..z43l..z41l..cycle; fi
fill p; unfill p';
proofpcbb(0, 0.5side, 0.5side);
penlabels(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,21,32,43,41); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{O}
%    The letter O. This includes optical adjustments at the top and bottom.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Pacioli's letter O";
beginchar("O", 2u#+side#+2o#, cap_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0); pair durer[];
pcshiftx := u;
x2r=pcshiftx-o; x4r=w-pcshiftx+o; y1r=h+o; y3r=-o; z0=(w/2,h/2);
z0=.5[z5,z6]; numeric axis_angle;
durer1=(x2r,y1r-o); durer2=(x4r, ypart durer1);
durer3=(xpart durer1, y3r+o); durer4=(xpart durer2, ypart durer3);
axis_angle=angle(durer2-durer3);
z5-z6=(thick,0)rotated axis_angle;
y2r=y6; y4r=y5; x1r=x5; x3r=x6;
forsuffixes $=1,2,3,4: z$=.5[z$l,z$r]; endfor
x1l=x3r; y1l-y6=y6-y3r; x5-x2l=x4r-x5; y2l=y4r;
x3l=x1r; y1r-y5=y5-y3l; x4l-x6=x6-x2r; y4l=y2r;
path p,p';
p=pulled_arc.r(1,2)&reverse pulled_arc.r(3,2)&
  pulled_arc.r(3,4)&reverse pulled_arc.r(1,4)&cycle;
path anti_diag; anti_diag=z0--durer1;
z21r=p intersectionpoint anti_diag; penpos21(thin, axis_angle+90);
x43r=w-x21r; y43r=h-y21r; penpos43(thin, axis_angle+270);
path diag; diag=z0--durer2;
z41r=diag intersectionpoint p; penpos41(thick, axis_angle);
x32r=w-x41r; y32r=h-y41r; penpos32(thick, axis_angle+180);
if not monospace: p'=
  z1l{left}..z21l..z2l{down}..z32l..
  z3l{right}..z43l..
  z4l{up}..z41l..{left}cycle;
 else:p'=z1l..z21l..z32l..z3l..z43l..z41l..cycle; fi
fill p; unfill p';
proofpcbb(0, 0.5side, 0.5side);
penlabels(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,21,32,43,41); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{P}
%    The letter P.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Pacioli's letter P";
beginchar("P", 1.5u#+P_width#, cap_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(cap_serif_fit#, 0);
pickup tiny.nib; pos1(thick,0); pos2(thick,0);
top lft z1l=(.5u+cap_jut,h); bot lft z2l=(.5u+cap_jut,0);
filldraw stroke z1e--z2e; % vertical stem
pos3(medium,90); pos4(medium,90); pos5(thick,0); 
pos6(if not monospace and serifs: .5thin else:thin fi,-90); 
top y3r=top y4r=h; x3=x1; x4=x1r+thick; filldraw stroke z3e--z4e;
x6=x4; y6=hround(h/2 -medium); rt x5r=hround(x2+0.65side-cap_jut-0.5medium); y5=.75side;
y7=y6; if serifs: x7=.5[rt x1r, x6]; else: x7=x3; fi 
pos7(if not monospace and serifs:.5thin else:thin fi,-90); 
filldraw stroke pulled_super_arc.e(4,5,eta)&pulled_super_arc.e(5,6,eta)
 ..z7e; % lobe
if serifs: serif(1,2,a,serif_darkness,-cap_jut); 
 serif(2,1,b,serif_darkness,-cap_jut);
 serif(2,1,c,serif_darkness,cap_jut); fi
proofpcbb(2, cap_jut+0.5thick, 0);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{q}
%    The letter Q. It is essentially an O with a long (not very attractive)
% tail.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Pacioli's original letter Q";
beginchar("q", 2u#+side#+2o#, cap_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0); pair durer[];
pcshiftx := u;
x2r=pcshiftx-o; x4r=w-pcshiftx+o; y1r=h; y3r=0; z0=(w/2,h/2);
z0=.5[z5,z6]; numeric axis_angle;
durer1=(x2r,y1r-o); durer2=(x4r, ypart durer1);
durer3=(xpart durer1, y3r+o); durer4=(xpart durer2, ypart durer3);
axis_angle=angle(durer2-durer3);
z5-z6=(thick,0)rotated axis_angle;
y2r=y6; y4r=y5; x1r=x5; x3r=x6;
forsuffixes $=1,2,3,4: z$=.5[z$l,z$r]; endfor
x1l=x3r; y1l-y6=y6-y3r; x5-x2l=x4r-x5; y2l=y4r;
x3l=x1r; y1r-y5=y5-y3l; x4l-x6=x6-x2r; y4l=y2r;
path p,p';
p=pulled_arc.r(1,2)&reverse pulled_arc.r(3,2)&
  pulled_arc.r(3,4)&reverse pulled_arc.r(1,4)&cycle;
path anti_diag; anti_diag=z0--durer1;
z21r=p intersectionpoint anti_diag; penpos21(thin, axis_angle+90);
x43r=w-x21r; y43r=h-y21r; penpos43(thin, axis_angle+270);
path diag; diag=z0--durer2;
z41r=diag intersectionpoint p; penpos41(thick, axis_angle);
x32r=w-x41r; y32r=h-y41r; penpos32(thick, axis_angle+180);
if not monospace: p'=
  z1l{left}..z21l..z2l{down}..z32l..
  z3l{right}..z43l..
  z4l{up}..z41l..{left}cycle;
 else:p'=z1l..z21l..z32l..z3l..z43l..z41l..cycle; fi
fill p; unfill p';
% now for the tail!
z10r=z3l; z10l=z3r;
z11r=(pcshiftx+side,-0.25side); z11l=z11r-(0,thick);
z12l=z11l+(0.5side+medium,-thick); z12r=z12l+(0,0.5thin);
filldraw z10r..z11r..z12r--z12l..z11l..z10l--cycle;
proofpcbb(0, 0.5side, 0.5side);
penlabels(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,10,11,12,13,14,15); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{Q}
%    The letter Q. This includes the optical adjustments.
% 
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Pacioli's letter Q";
beginchar("Q", 2u#+side#+2o#, cap_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0); pair durer[];
pcshiftx := u;
x2r=pcshiftx-o; x4r=w-pcshiftx+o; y1r=h+o; y3r=-o; z0=(w/2,h/2);
z0=.5[z5,z6]; numeric axis_angle;
durer1=(x2r,y1r-o); durer2=(x4r, ypart durer1);
durer3=(xpart durer1, y3r+o); durer4=(xpart durer2, ypart durer3);
axis_angle=angle(durer2-durer3);
z5-z6=(thick,0)rotated axis_angle;
y2r=y6; y4r=y5; x1r=x5; x3r=x6;
forsuffixes $=1,2,3,4: z$=.5[z$l,z$r]; endfor
x1l=x3r; y1l-y6=y6-y3r; x5-x2l=x4r-x5; y2l=y4r;
x3l=x1r; y1r-y5=y5-y3l; x4l-x6=x6-x2r; y4l=y2r;
path p,p';
p=pulled_arc.r(1,2)&reverse pulled_arc.r(3,2)&
  pulled_arc.r(3,4)&reverse pulled_arc.r(1,4)&cycle;
path anti_diag; anti_diag=z0--durer1;
z21r=p intersectionpoint anti_diag; penpos21(thin, axis_angle+90);
x43r=w-x21r; y43r=h-y21r; penpos43(thin, axis_angle+270);
path diag; diag=z0--durer2;
z41r=diag intersectionpoint p; penpos41(thick, axis_angle);
x32r=w-x41r; y32r=h-y41r; penpos32(thick, axis_angle+180);
if not monospace: p'=
  z1l{left}..z21l..z2l{down}..z32l..
  z3l{right}..z43l..
  z4l{up}..z41l..{left}cycle;
 else:p'=z1l..z21l..z32l..z3l..z43l..z41l..cycle; fi
fill p; unfill p';
% now for the tail!
z10r=z3l; z10l=z3r;
z11r=(pcshiftx+side,-0.25side); z11l=z11r-(0,thick);
z12l=z11l+(0.5side+medium,-thick); z12r=z12l+(0,0.5thin);
filldraw z10r..z11r..z12r--z12l..z11l..z10l--cycle;
proofpcbb(0, 0.5side, 0.5side);
penlabels(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,10,11,12,13,14,15); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{R}
%    The letter R. Another character that, with serifs,  fills the square.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Pacioli's letter R";
beginchar("R", u#+side#, cap_height#,0);
adjust_fit(cap_serif_fit#,0);
pickup tiny.nib; pos1(thick,0); pos2(thick,0);
top lft z1l=(.5u+cap_jut,h); bot lft z2l=(.5u+cap_jut,0);
filldraw stroke z1e--z2e; % vertical stem
pos3(thin,90); pos4(thin,90); pos5(thick,0); 
pos6(thin, -90); 
top y3r=top y4r=h; x3=x1; x4=x1r+thick; 
x6=x4; y6=hround h/2; rt x5r=hround(.5u+P_width if not monospace:
 +1/2thin fi); y5=.5[y4,y6];
y7=y6; x7=x3; pos7(thin, -90); 
filldraw stroke z3e--pulled_super_arc.e(4,5,eta)&
 pulled_super_arc.e(5,6,eta)..z7e; % lobe
numeric half_letter_width; 2half_letter_width+1/2u=w;
if serifs: half_letter_width:=half_letter_width+1/2u; 
 else: half_letter_width:=half_letter_width-1.6thin; fi
path p; p=pulled_super_arc.r(5,6,eta)..z7r;
z0r=p intersectionpoint ((half_letter_width,0)--(half_letter_width,h));
path circ_; circ_= (((halfcircle scaled 2thick) rotated 180) shifted z0r);
z0l= p intersectionpoint circ_;
if not monospace: z0'=(.45[half_letter_width,w],0); 
 else: z0'=(.42[half_letter_width,w],0); fi 
numeric tail_angle; tail_angle=angle(z0l-z0'); 
penpos8(thick, tail_angle-90); z8l=whatever[z0', z0l]; 
 x8=1/5[half_letter_width,w]; 
penpos9(2/3thick,tail_angle-90); z9r=whatever[z0r, z8r]; 
 x9r=.5[half_letter_width, w]; 
%penpos10(if monospace:1/2 fi dslab,90); z10l=(w,0); 
penpos10(if monospace:1/2 dslab else: .5thin fi,90); z10l=(w,0); 
fill z0l--z8l...{right}z10l--z10r{-w,1/4h}..z9r--z0r--cycle; % tail 
if serifs: serif(1,2,a,serif_darkness,-cap_jut); 
 serif(2,1,b,serif_darkness,-cap_jut); 
 serif(2,1,c,serif_darkness,cap_jut); fi 
proofpcbb(2, 1.5cap_jut+0.5thick, 0);
penlabels(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10); labels(0'); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{S}
%    The letter S. Pacioli's instructions are unclear. I have used a
% modified version of Hoenig's modification of the Knuthian S, which 
% appears to match Pacioli's
% drawing.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "The Knuthian S";
beginchar("S", 2u#+1/2 side# if not monospace:+thick# fi, cap_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0); pickup tiny.nib;
pair durer[]; % points to contain corner coords of Durer square
ypart durer3=ypart durer4=0; xpart durer4-xpart durer1=side; 
xpart durer1=u-1.5thick;
durer1=(xpart durer3, h); durer2=(xpart durer 4, ypart durer1);
numeric slope, diag_angle; diag_angle=angle(durer2-durer3);
slope=-if not monospace: 3/4 else: 1/2 fi h/(xpart durer4-xpart durer3);
pos0(thick,diag_angle); x0=.52[xpart durer1, xpart durer2];
y0=h/2;
lft x3l=u if not monospace:+2/3thick fi; rt x3r=lft x3l+5/6thick;
pos2(thin,-diag_angle); top y2l=h; 
if x0-x3r>thick: x2l=x0 if monospace:+.4thin fi; else:
 x2l=x0r; slope:=-1/2; fi
ellipse_set(2l,3l,4l,0l); ellipse_set(2r,3r,4r,0r);
pos7(thin,-diag_angle); x7r=x0; bot y7r=0; rt x6r=w-if monospace:.75 fi u; 
 lft x6l=rt x6r-thick;
ellipse_set(7l,6l,5l,0l); ellipse_set(7r,6r,5r,0r); 
pos1(max(currentbreadth+eps,5/6 thick),-90); 
top y1l=h-thin; rt x1=x0+2thick+o;
pos8(1.5thick,-80);lft x8r=u; bot y8r=medium;
if not monospace:
 filldraw z1l..z2l{left}..{down}z3l..z4l--z5l..{down}z6l..{left}z7l..z8l
 --z8r..{right}z7r..{up}z6r..z5r--z4r..{up}z3r..{right}z2r..z1r--cycle;
 else: draw z1l..z2l{left}..{down}z3l..z4l--z5l..{down}z6l..{left}z7l..z8l;
 draw z8r..{right}z7r..{up}z6r..z5r--z4r..{up}z3r..{right}z2r..z1r;
 fi
proofpcbb(0, 0.5side, 0.5side);
penlabels(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{T}
%    The letter T.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Pacioli's letter T";
beginchar("T",2u#+side#-2medium#, cap_height#,0);
adjust_fit(0,0); pickup tiny.nib;
pos1(thick,0); pos2(thick,0); .5[x1r,x1l]=w/2; .5[x2r,x2l]=w/2;
top y1=h; bot y2=0; filldraw stroke z1e--z2e; % central stem
% prepare for the top horizontal bar
numeric top_bar; top_bar=0.5side-medium;  % half length of top bar
pos3(medium,90); pos4(dslab,0);
x1=x3; top y3r=h; rt x4l=x1+top_bar;
  bot y4=vround(h-if monospace: 2 fi vstretch*(medium+cap_jut));
arm(3,4,c,serif_darkness,0);
pos5(dslab,180);
lft x5r=x1-top_bar;
  bot y5= bot y4;
arm(3,5,d,serif_darkness,0);
if serifs: 
 serif(2,1,a,serif_darkness,-cap_jut);serif(2,1,b,serif_darkness,cap_jut);
 fi
proofpcbb(2, 0.5side, 0);
penlabels(1,2,3,4); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{U}
%    The letter U. Pacioli doesn't give a U, so I have used Hoenig's U,
% suitably modified for leg and serif dimensions.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Pacioli's letter U";
beginchar("U", u#+2cap_jut#+.8side#, cap_height#,0);
adjust_fit(cap_serif_fit#, cap_serif_fit#);
pickup tiny.nib; pos1(thick,0); pos2(thick,0); pos2'(thick,180);
pos3(medium,-90); pos4(medium,0); pos5(medium,0);
x1=x2; x3=.5[x1,x5]; x4=x5; x1l=w-x5r;
top y1=top y5=h; y2=y4=1/3h; bot y3r=0; z2'=z2;
lft x1l=hround .5u+cap_jut;
filldraw stroke z1e--z2e; % left stem
filldraw stroke pulled_super_arc.e(2',3,eta)
  & pulled_super_arc.e(3,4,eta)&z4e--z5e;
if serifs: serif(1,2,a,serif_darkness,-cap_jut); 
  serif(1,2,b,serif_darkness,cap_jut); 
  serif(5,4,c,serif_darkness,-cap_jut); serif(5,4,d,serif_darkness,cap_jut); fi
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{V}
%    The letter V.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Pacioli's letter V";
beginchar("V",u#+side#, cap_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(cap_serif_fit#, cap_serif_fit#); pickup tiny.nib;
pcshiftx := 0.5u;
z10 = (pcshiftx+0.5side,0);
numeric alpha; alpha=((0.5h-cap_jut)++(h))/(h);
pos1(alpha*thick,0); pos2(alpha*thick,0);
pos3(alpha*medium,0); pos4(alpha*medium,0);
top y1=top y4=h; lft x1l=pcshiftx+cap_jut; x4r=x1l+side-2cap_jut;
lft x2l=hround(pcshiftx+0.5side); x3r=x2l; bot y2=bot y3=0;
z0=whatever[z1r,z2r]=whatever[z3l,z4l]; % notch point
filldraw z0--diag_end(0,4l,1,1,4r,3r)--z2l
 --diag_end(2l,1l,1,1,1r,0)--cycle;
if serifs: bracket:=cap_jut_factor*bracket; cap_jut:=cap_jut_factor*cap_jut;
 pickup tiny.nib; numeric jut_factor;
 if monospace: jut_factor=1; else: jut_factor=3/4; fi
 serif(1,2,a,.8serif_darkness,-Lrad); 
 serif(4,3,d,.8serif_darkness,lrad);
 bracket:=jut_factor*bracket;
 serif(1,2,b,7/8 serif_darkness, jut_factor*cap_jut);
 serif(4,3,c,7/8 serif_darkness,-jut_factor*cap_jut); fi
proofpcbb(10, 0.5side, 0);
penlabels(0,1,2,3,4); endchar;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{W}
%    The letter W. Again, Pacioli misses this out. I use a modified version
% of Hoenig's W.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Pacioli's letter W";
numeric alpha; 
 alpha=((cap_height#+cap_jut#)++(.4side#+cap_jut_factor*cap_jut#))/
            (cap_height#+cap_jut#);
beginchar("W", 2cap_jut_factor*cap_jut#+1.6side#-alpha*thick#, cap_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(.5cap_serif_fit#, cap_serif_fit#); pickup tiny.nib;
mid_corr=if monospace: -apex_corr else: 1/3jut fi;
pos1(alpha*thick,0); pos2(alpha*thick,0);
pos3(alpha*medium,0); pos4(alpha*medium,0);
pos5(alpha*thick,0); pos6(alpha*thick,0);
pos7(alpha*medium,0); pos8(alpha*medium,0);
numeric V_width; V_width=2cap_jut_factor*cap_jut+4/5side;
if not monospace:
 top y1=top y4=h; lft x1l=cap_jut_factor*cap_jut; x4r=V_width-x1l;
 lft x2l=hround V_width/2; x3r=x2l; bot y2=bot y3=0;
 pair shift_amt; ypart shift_amt=0; 
 xpart shift_amt=V_width-2cap_jut_factor*cap_jut-alpha*(thick);
 z0=whatever[z1r,z2r]=whatever[z3l,z4l]; % notch point
 path p; p=z0--diag_end(0,4l,1,1,4r,3r)--z2l
  --diag_end(2l,1l,1,1,1r,0)--cycle;
 filldraw p; filldraw (p shifted shift_amt); % the 2 V's
 forsuffixes t=1,2,3,4: z[t+4]=z.t shifted shift_amt; endfor
else: top y1=h; lft x1l=cap_jut_factor*cap_jut; bot y2=bot y3=0;
 x2l+apex_corr=x3l; 
 x8=w-x1; y8=y1; x2-x1=x4-x3=x6-x5=x8-x7;
 x6l+apex_corr=x7l; y6=y7=y2; 
 y4:=vround .6h; y5=y4; 
 x5=x4;
 y4l:=y4r:=y4; % ??
 z0 =whatever[z1r,z2r]; 
 z0'=whatever[z7l,z8l]; y0=y0'=h/9;
 z45=whatever[z3r,z4r]=whatever[z5l,z6l];
 filldraw z0--diag_end(0,4l,1,1,4r,3r)--z2l--diag_end(2l,1l,1,1,1r,0)--cycle;
 filldraw z0'--diag_end(0',8l,1,1,8r,7r)--z7l--diag_end(7l,5l,1,1,5r,0')
  --cycle; fi 
if serifs: bracket:=cap_jut_factor*bracket; cap_jut:=cap_jut_factor*cap_jut;
 pickup tiny.nib; numeric jut_factor;
 if monospace: jut_factor=1.8; else: jut_factor=3/4; fi
 serif(1,2,a,.8serif_darkness,-cap_jut); 
 serif(8,7,f,.8serif_darkness,cap_jut);
 if not monospace: serif(5,6,d,.8serif_darkness,cap_jut);
  serif(5,6,c,.8serif_darkness,-cap_jut); fi
 bracket:=jut_factor*bracket;
 serif(1,2,b,7/8 serif_darkness, jut_factor*cap_jut);
 serif(8,7,e,7/8 serif_darkness,-jut_factor*cap_jut); 
 fi
penlabels(0,0',1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,45); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{X}
%    The letter X. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Pacioli's letter X";
beginchar("X", u#+side#, cap_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(cap_serif_fit#, cap_serif_fit#);
pcshiftx := 0.5u;
z10=(pcshiftx+0.5side, 0.5side); % center of the square
numeric alpha; alpha=(h++(h-2thick))/h;
penpos1(alpha*thick,0); penpos4(alpha*thick,0);
penpos2(alpha*medium,0); penpos3(alpha*medium,0);
lft x3l = pcshiftx+thick; y3=0; y2=side;
0.5[z3l,z2l]=z10;
y4 = 0; y1 = side;
lft x1l = pcshiftx+1.5thick;
0.5[z4l,z1l]=z10;
filldraw z1l--z1r--z4r--z4l--cycle; % draw the thick limb
filldraw z2l--z2r--z3r--z3l--cycle; % draw the other limb
if serifs: bracket:=cap_jut_factor*bracket; cap_jut:=cap_jut_factor*cap_jut;
 pickup tiny.nib; numeric jut_factor;
 if monospace: cap_jut:=.5cap_jut; jut_factor=1; else: jut_factor=3/4; fi
 serif(1,4,a,.8serif_darkness,-Lrad);
 serif(4,1,d,.8serif_darkness,cap_jut);
 serif(2,3,f,.8serif_darkness,cap_jut);
 serif(3,2,g,.8serif_darkness,-lrad);
 bracket:=jut_factor*bracket;
 serif(1,4,b,7/8 serif_darkness,.75cap_jut);
 serif(4,1,c,7/8 serif_darkness,-.75cap_jut);
 serif(2,3,e,7/8 serif_darkness,-.75cap_jut);
 serif(3,2,h,7/8 serif_darkness,.75cap_jut); fi
proofpcbb(10, 0.5side, 0.5side);
penlabels(1,2,3,4); endchar;
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{Y}
%    The letter Y.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Pacioli's letter Y";
beginchar("Y", u#+side#, cap_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(cap_serif_fit#, cap_serif_fit#); pickup pencircle scaled 0pt;
pcshiftx := 0.5u;
z100 = (pcshiftx+0.5side,0.5side);  % center of the square
numeric alpha, long, short, hypot; long=h/2; 
short=0.5side-thick;
 hypot=long++short; alpha=hypot/long;
penpos1(alpha*thick,0); 
lft x1l=pcshiftx+thick;
top y1=h;
penpos4(alpha*medium,0); y4=y1; x4r=x1l+side-2thick;
penpos2(alpha*thick,0); penpos3(alpha*medium,0); 
y2 = y3 = 0.5side;
penpos5(thick,0); penpos6(thick,0);
z2l = z3r = z100;
z6 = (pcshiftx+0.5side,0);
z5 = (x6,side);
z0=whatever[z1r, z2r]=whatever[z3l,z4l]; % notch point
z7=whatever[z6l,z5l] = whatever[z2l,z1l]; % left stem and V
z8=whatever[z6r,z5r] = whatever[z3r,z4r]; % right stem and V
filldraw z1r--z0--z4l--z4r--z8--z6r--z6l--z7--z1l--cycle;
if serifs: numeric jut_factor;
 serif(6,5,e,serif_darkness,-cap_jut); serif(6,5,f,serif_darkness,cap_jut); 
 bracket:=cap_jut_factor*bracket; cap_jut:=cap_jut_factor*cap_jut;
 if monospace: cap_jut:=.5cap_jut; jut_factor=1; else: jut_factor=3/4; fi
 % top outer serifs
 serif(1,2,a,serif_darkness,-lrad);serif(4,3,d,serif_darkness,lrad);
 bracket:=jut_factor*bracket;
 if monospace: cap_jut:=1.5cap_jut; fi
 % top inner serifs
 serif(1,2,b,7/8 serif_darkness,.6cap_jut);
 serif(4,3,c,7/8 serif_darkness,-.6cap_jut); 
 fi
proofpcbb(100, 0.5side, 0.5side);
penlabels(0,1,2,3,4,5,6); endchar; % End of "Y"
 
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{Z}
%    The letter Z. The last of the letters that Pacioli doesn't describe.
% Again, use a modifed D\"{u}rer Z.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
cmchar "Pacioli's letter Z";
beginchar("Z", 2u#+.8side#, cap_height#,0);
adjust_fit(0, 0); pickup tiny.nib;
pcshiftx := u;
numeric alpha, long, short, hypot;
long=h; short=w-2u-thick; hypot=long++short;
alpha=hypot/long;
pos1(medium,90); pos2(medium,90); pos3(alpha*thick, 0); 
pos4(alpha*thick, 0); pos5(medium,-90); pos6(medium,-90);
rt x3r=w-u; top y3=h; x4l=w-x3r; bot y4=0;
top y1r=h; lft x1=u; y2=y1; rt x2=x3;
bot y5r=bot y6r=0; lft x5=x4; rt x6=w-u;
filldraw stroke z1e--z2e; % top bar
filldraw stroke z3e--z4e; % diagonal
filldraw stroke z5e--z6e; % bottom bar
z100 = (0.5(x1+x3r),0.5side);  % center of square
if serifs: pickup crisp.nib; % prepare for arms and serifs
 pos7(medium, 90); pos8(dslab,180); z7=z2; lft x8r=u; 
 bot y8=h-if monospace:2 fi vstretch*thick;
 arm(7,8,a,serif_darkness,0); % upper dropped serif
 pos9(medium,-90); z9=z5; pos10(dslab,0); rt x10r=w-u; 
 top y10=if monospace: 2.5 fi vstretch*thick;
 arm(9,10,b,serif_darkness,0); fi
proofpcbb(100, 0.5side, 0.5side);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10); endchar;

 
%</maj>
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \subsection{The punctuation file}
%
% This is essentially a copy of Knuth's Computer Modern Roman punctuation
% file \Lpack{punct.mf}.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*punct>
% CPCPUNCT.MF This file contains punctuation marks common to 
%             Pacioli roman and italic styles.

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \begin{macro}{!}
%    The ! character.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Exclamation point";
beginchar("!",5u#+width_adj#,asc_height#,0);
italcorr asc_height#*slant-2u#-.5width_adj#+.5dot_size#;
adjust_fit(0,0);
pickup tiny.nib; pos3(dot_size,0); pos4(dot_size,90);
lft x3l=hround(.5w-.5dot_size); bot y4l=0; z3=z4; dot(3,4);  % dot
numeric bot_width;
bot_width=if hefty:max(hround .8dot_size,fine.breadth) else: hair fi;
pickup fine.nib; pos1(dot_size,0); pos2(bot_width,0);
x1=x2=x3; bot y2=.25[top y4r,x_height]+1;
if square_dots: top y1=h;
 filldraw stroke z1e--z2e;  % stem
else: top z0=(x1,h+o); y1+.5dot_size=h+o;
 filldraw z1r...z0...z1l---z2l--z2r---cycle; fi  % stem and bulb
penlabels(0,1,2,3,4); endchar;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{'}
%    The ' character.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Apostrophe";
beginchar("'",5u#,asc_height#,0);
italcorr asc_height#*slant+.5dot_size#-2u#;
adjust_fit(0,0);
x1-.5dot_size=hround(.5w-.5dot_size); y1+.5dot_size=h;
if monospace: comma(1,a,dot_size,.28u,vround 1.5comma_depth);  % large comma
else: comma(1,a,dot_size,.25u,comma_depth); fi  % comma with increased jut
penlabels(1); endchar;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{(}
%    The ( character.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Left parenthesis";
beginchar("(",7u# if monospace: -u# fi,body_height#,paren_depth#);
italcorr body_height#*slant-.5u#;
adjust_fit(0,0); pickup fine.nib;
pos1(vair,0); pos2(.75[hair,stem],0); pos3(vair,0);
rt x1r=rt x3r=hround(w-u); lft x2l=hround(x1-4u if monospace: +4/3u fi);
top y1=h; y2=.5[y1,y3]=math_axis;
filldraw stroke z1e{3(x2e-x1e),y2-y1}...z2e
 ...{3(x3e-x2e),y3-y2}z3e;  % arc
penlabels(1,2,3); endchar;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{)}
%    The ) character.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Right parenthesis";
beginchar(")",7u# if monospace: -u# fi,body_height#,paren_depth#);
italcorr math_axis#*slant-.5u#;
adjust_fit(0,0); pickup fine.nib;
pos1(vair,0); pos2(.75[hair,stem],0); pos3(vair,0);
lft x1l=lft x3l=hround u; rt x2r=hround(x1+4u if monospace: -4/3u fi);
top y1=h; y2=.5[y1,y3]=math_axis;
filldraw stroke z1e{3(x2e-x1e),y2-y1}...z2e
 ...{3(x3e-x2e),y3-y2}z3e;  % arc
penlabels(1,2,3); endchar;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{,}
%    The , character.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Comma";
numeric dot_diam#; dot_diam#=if monospace: 5/4 fi\\ dot_size#;
define_whole_blacker_pixels(dot_diam);
beginchar(",",5u#,dot_diam#,comma_depth#);
adjust_fit(0,0);
x1-.5dot_diam=hround(.5w-.5dot_diam); y1-.5dot_diam=0;
comma(1,a,dot_diam,.2u,comma_depth);  % dot and tail
penlabels(1); endchar;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{.}
%    The . character.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Period";
numeric dot_diam#; dot_diam#=if monospace: 5/4 fi\\ dot_size#;
define_whole_blacker_pixels(dot_diam);
beginchar(".",5u#,dot_diam#,0);
adjust_fit(0,0); pickup fine.nib;
pos1(dot_diam,0); pos2(dot_diam,90);
lft x1l=hround(.5w-.5dot_diam); bot y2l=0; z1=z2; dot(1,2);  % dot
penlabels(1,2); endchar;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{/}
%    The / character.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Virgule (slash)";
beginchar("/",9u#,body_height#,paren_depth#);
italcorr body_height#*slant-.5u#;
adjust_fit(0,0); pickup rule.nib;
rt x1=hround(w-u)+eps; top y1=h+eps;
lft x2=hround u-eps; bot y2=-d-eps;
draw z1--z2;  % diagonal
penlabels(1,2); endchar;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{:}
%    The : character.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Colon";
numeric dot_diam#; dot_diam#=if monospace: 5/4 fi\\ dot_size#;
define_whole_blacker_pixels(dot_diam);
beginchar(":",5u#,x_height#,0);
italcorr x_height#*slant+.5dot_diam#-2u#;
adjust_fit(0,0); pickup fine.nib;
pos1(dot_diam,0); pos2(dot_diam,90);
lft x1l=hround(.5w-.5dot_diam); top y2r=h; z1=z2; dot(1,2);  % upper dot
pos3(dot_diam,0); pos4(dot_diam,90);
x3=x1; bot y4l=0; z3=z4; dot(3,4);  % lower dot
penlabels(1,2,3,4); endchar;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{;}
%    The ; character.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Semicolon";
numeric dot_diam#; dot_diam#=if monospace: 5/4 fi\\ dot_size#;
define_whole_blacker_pixels(dot_diam);
beginchar(";",5u#,x_height#,comma_depth#);
italcorr x_height#*slant+.5dot_diam#-2u#;
adjust_fit(0,0); pickup fine.nib;
pos1(dot_diam,0); pos2(dot_diam,90);
lft x1l=hround(.5w-.5dot_diam); top y2r=h; z1=z2; dot(1,2);  % upper dot
x3-.5dot_diam=hround(.5w-.5dot_diam); y3-.5dot_diam=0;
comma(3,a,dot_diam,.05u,comma_depth);  % lower dot and tail
penlabels(1,2,3); endchar;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{[}
%    The [ character.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Left bracket";
numeric wd#; wd#=max(5u#,4.5u#+.5if hefty:stem# else:rule_thickness# fi);
beginchar("[",wd#,body_height#,paren_depth#);
italcorr body_height#*slant;
adjust_fit(0,0);
numeric top_thickness,side_thickness;
if hefty: top_thickness=vair;
 side_thickness=max(crisp.breadth,stem-2stem_corr);
else: top_thickness=side_thickness=rule_thickness; fi;
pickup crisp.nib; pos1(side_thickness,0); pos2(side_thickness,0);
top y1=h; bot y2=-d; lft x1l=lft x2l=hround(2.5u-.5side_thickness)-1-eps;
filldraw stroke z1e--z2e;  % stem
pos3(top_thickness,90); pos4(top_thickness,90);
pos5(top_thickness,90); pos6(top_thickness,90);
x3=x5=x1l; rt x4=rt x6=ceiling(w-.4u)+eps; y3r=y4r=y1; y5l=y6l=y2;
filldraw stroke z3e--z4e;  % upper bar
filldraw stroke z5e--z6e;  % lower bar
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6); endchar;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{]}
%    The ] character.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Right bracket";
numeric wd#; wd#=max(5u#,4.5u#+.5if hefty:stem# else:rule_thickness# fi);
beginchar("]",wd#,body_height#,paren_depth#);
italcorr body_height#*slant-2u#+.5if hefty:stem# else:rule_thickness# fi;
adjust_fit(0,0);
numeric top_thickness,side_thickness;
if hefty: top_thickness=vair;
 side_thickness=max(crisp.breadth,stem-2stem_corr);
else: top_thickness=side_thickness=rule_thickness; fi;
pickup crisp.nib; pos1(side_thickness,0); pos2(side_thickness,0);
top y1=h; bot y2=-d; rt x1r=rt x2r=hround(w-2.5u+.5side_thickness)+1+eps;
filldraw stroke z1e--z2e;  % stem
pos3(top_thickness,90); pos4(top_thickness,90);
pos5(top_thickness,90); pos6(top_thickness,90);
x3=x5=x1r; lft x4=lft x6=floor .4u-eps; y3r=y4r=y1; y5l=y6l=y2;
filldraw stroke z3e--z4e;  % upper bar
filldraw stroke z5e--z6e;  % lower bar
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6); endchar;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{`}
%    The ` character.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Reverse apostrophe";
beginchar("`",5u#,asc_height#,0);
italcorr asc_height#*slant+.5dot_size#-2u#;
adjust_fit(0,0);
x1-.5dot_size=hround(.5w-.5dot_size); y1+.5dot_size=h-comma_depth;
if monospace: ammoc(1,a,dot_size,.28u,vround 1.5comma_depth);  % large ammoc
else: ammoc(1,a,dot_size,.25u,comma_depth); fi  % normal ammoc
penlabels(1); endchar;


%</punct>
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
%
% \subsection{The ligatures and dashes file}
%
%    This is essentially a copy of the Computer Modern \Lpack{comlig.mf}  file.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*lig>
% CPCLIG.MF This file defines characters common to 
%           Pacioli roman and italic text fonts
%           that appear only when |ligs>0|.

%    \end{macrocode}
%  First the ligtables.
%    \begin{macrocode}

ligtable "`": "`"=:oct"134";
ligtable "'": "'"=:oct"042", "?" kern 2u#, "!" kern 2u#;

ligtable "-": "-"=:oct"173";
ligtable oct"173": "-"=:oct"174";

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \begin{macro}{''}
%   The '' ligature.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Closing quotes";
beginchar(oct"042",7u#+max(2u#,dot_size#),asc_height#,0);
italcorr asc_height#*slant+dot_size#-4.1u#;
adjust_fit(0,0);
x1-.5dot_size=hround .6u; y2+.5dot_size=h;
x2-x1=hround(1.5u+max(2u,dot_size)); y2=y1;
comma(1,a,dot_size,.25u,comma_depth); % left dot and tail
comma(2,b,dot_size,.25u,comma_depth); % right dot and tail
penlabels(1,2); endchar;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{-}
%   The - character.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Hyphen";
beginchar("-",6u#,x_height#,0);
italcorr .5x_height#*slant-.5u#;
adjust_fit(0,0);
numeric thickness; thickness=if hefty:bar else:.75[hair,stem] fi;
pickup crisp.nib; pos1(thickness,90); pos2(thickness,90);
top y1r=top y2r=vround(.5h+.5thickness); rt x2=hround(w-u)+eps;
if monospace: x2=w-x1 else: lft x1=hround .2u-eps fi;
filldraw stroke z1e--z2e;  % bar
penlabels(1,2); endchar;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{``}
%   The `` ligature.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Opening quotes";
beginchar(oct"134",7u#+max(2u#,dot_size#),asc_height#,0);
italcorr asc_height#*slant-.1u#;
adjust_fit(0,0);
x2+.5dot_size=hround(w-.6u); y1+.5dot_size=h-comma_depth;
x2-x1=hround(1.5u+max(2u,dot_size)); y2=y1;
ammoc(1,a,dot_size,.25u,comma_depth); % left dot and tail
ammoc(2,b,dot_size,.25u,comma_depth); % right dot and tail
penlabels(1,2); endchar;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{--}
%   The -- ligature. I think that the CM en-dash is too thin for the 
% Pacioli font, so I have thickened it a little.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "En dash";
beginchar(oct"173",9u#,x_height#,0);
italcorr .61803x_height#*slant+.5u#;
adjust_fit(0,0);
%%pickup crisp.nib; pos1(vair,90); pos2(vair,90);
pickup crisp.nib; pos1(medium,90); pos2(medium,90);
top y1r=top y2r=vround(.61803h+.5vair); lft x1=-eps; rt x2=w+eps;
filldraw stroke z1e--z2e;  % bar
penlabels(1,2); endchar;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{---}
%   The --- ligature. I think that the CM em-dash is too thin for the 
% Pacioli font, so I have thickened it a little.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Em dash";
beginchar(oct"174",18u#,x_height#,0);
italcorr .61803x_height#*slant+.5u#;
adjust_fit(letter_fit#,letter_fit#);
%%pickup crisp.nib; pos1(vair,90); pos2(vair,90);
pickup crisp.nib; pos1(medium,90); pos2(medium,90);
top y1r=top y2r=vround(.61803h+.5vair); lft x1=-eps; rt x2=w+eps;
filldraw stroke z1e--z2e;  % bar
penlabels(1,2); endchar;


%</lig>
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \subsection{Extra punctuation}
%
% This is an abbreviated copy of \Lpack{romanp.mf}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*xp>
% CPCROMANP.MF This file contains `\&' and `?' in the so-called roman style.

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \begin{macro}{&}
%    The \&{} character.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Ampersand";
beginchar("&",14u#,asc_height#,0);
italcorr x_height#*slant-serif_fit# - if serifs: .4u# else: 1.5u# fi;
adjust_fit(0,serif_fit#);
pickup tiny.nib; pos2(slab,-90); x2=4u; bot y2r=-o;
if not hefty:(x,y2l)=whatever[z2r,(w-5u,x_height)]; x2l:=x; fi
if serifs: pos0(fudged.hair,0);
 rt x0r+jut=hround(w-.9u); top y0=x_height;
 pos1(fudged.hair,0); z1=whatever[z0,(.6[x0,x2],0)];
 y1=max(y0-1.5bracket-.2x_height,2/3x_height);
 filldraw stroke z0e---z1e...{left}z2e;  % short diagonal
else: pickup fine.nib; pos1(.25[slab,flare],-15); rt x1r=hround(w-2u);
 y1r=good.y .75[bar_height,x_height]; x1l:=good.x x1l; y1l:=good.y y1l;
 top z2'l=(x2l,tiny.top y2l); bot z2'r=(x2r,tiny.bot y2r);
 filldraw stroke term.e(2',1,right,1,4); fi  % short diagonal and terminal
pickup tiny.nib; numeric slope,theta,reduced_hair;
slope=(h-2vair-slab)/10.5u; theta=angle(-slope,1);
reduced_hair=max(tiny.breadth,hround(fudged.hair if hefty:-2stem_corr fi));
lft x3r=hround .75u; x5=.5[x3r,x6l]; lft x6r=hround .5(w-u);
x3l-x3r=curve-tiny; pos6(reduced_hair,180);
pos5(vair,theta); y5=.5h;
ellipse_set(2l,3l,4l,5l); ellipse_set(2r,3r,4r,5r);
pos7(vair,270); top y7l=h+o; x7=.45[x6r,x8r];
pos8(fudged.stem,30); x8l=good.x(x8l+3.5u-x8); y8r=y6;
ellipse_set(7l,6l,5',5l);
filldraw stroke z2e{left}...z3e{up}...z4e---z5e...{up}z6e
 ...z7e{left}...z8e{down};  % bowls
pos10(slab,90); x10=w-3.5u; bot y10l=-o;
pos9(fudged.stem,angle(z8-z10)-90);
z9=.5[z8,z10]+(1.75u,0) rotated(angle(z8-z10)+90);
filldraw stroke z8e{down}...z9e{z10-z8}...{right}z10e;  % long diagonal
if serifs: pickup crisp.nib; pos10'(slab,90); z10'=z10;
 pos11(fudged.hair,180); rt x11l=hround(w-u); y11=.5bar_height;
 filldraw stroke z10'e{right}...{up}z11e;  % terminal
 numeric inner_jut; if rt x6l+.5u<lft x0l-1.5jut: inner_jut=1.5jut;
 else: rt x6l+.5u=lft x0l-inner_jut; fi
 dish_serif(0,1,a,.6,inner_jut,b,.5,jut)(dark);  % serif
else: pickup fine.nib; pos10'(slab,90); z10'=z10;
 pos11(Vround .5[slab,flare],90);
 rt x11=hround(r-letter_fit-u); bot y11l=vround .07bar_height-o;
 filldraw stroke term.e(10',11,right,1,4); fi  % terminal
penlabels(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11); endchar;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{?}
%    The ? character. I have changed this slightly because 
% of the redefinition of the |pulled_super_arc| macro.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Question mark";
beginchar("?",8.5u#,asc_height#,0);
italcorr .8asc_height#*slant;
adjust_fit(0,0);
pickup tiny.nib; pos7(dot_size,0); pos8(dot_size,90);
lft x7l=hround(.5w-.25u-.5dot_size); bot y8l=0; z7=z8; dot(7,8);  % dot
numeric bot_width;
bot_width=if hefty:max(hround .8dot_size,fine.breadth) else: hair fi;
pickup fine.nib; pos2(vair,90); pos3(curve,0);
pos4(vair,-90); pos5(bot_width,0); pos6(bot_width,0);
x2=x4=x5=x6=x7; rt x3r=hround(w-u); bot y6=1+.25[top y8r,x_height];
top y2r=h+oo; y3=.75[y6,y2]; y4=.5[y6,y2]; y5=.1[y6,y2];
{{interim superness:=more_super;
%%filldraw stroke pulled_super_arc.e(2,3)(superpull) % macro changed in cpctitle.mf
filldraw stroke pulled_super_arc.e(2,3,eta)
 & subpath (0,1) of super_arc.e(3,4) .. z5e---z6e\\}};  % arc and stem
if serifs: pos1(hair,180); pos0(flare,180);
 lft x1r=hround u; y1=y3; bulb(2,1,0);  % bulb
else: 
 pos1(Vround 5/7[vair,flare],110);
 lft x1r=hround u; top y1r=vround .9[y6,top y2r];
 filldraw stroke term.e(2,1,left,1,4);
fi  % terminal
penlabels(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8); endchar;


%</xp>
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \section{The font definition files} \label{sec:fd}
%
%  The font definition file for the OT1 encoding.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*fdot1>
\DeclareFontFamily{OT1}{cpc}{}
  \DeclareFontShape{OT1}{cpc}{m}{n}{ <-> cpcr10 }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{OT1}{cpc}{bx}{n}{ <-> sub * cpc/m/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{OT1}{cpc}{b}{n}{ <-> sub * cpc/m/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{OT1}{cpc}{m}{sl}{ <-> cpcsl10 }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{OT1}{cpc}{m}{it}{ <-> sub * cpc/m/sl }{}
%</fdot1>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    The font definition file for the T1 encoding.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*fdt1>
\DeclareFontFamily{T1}{cpc}{}
  \DeclareFontShape{T1}{cpc}{m}{n}{ <-> cpcr10 }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{T1}{cpc}{bx}{n}{ <-> sub * cpc/m/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{T1}{cpc}{b}{n}{ <-> sub * cpc/m/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{T1}{cpc}{m}{sl}{ <-> cpcsl10 }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{T1}{cpc}{m}{it}{ <-> sub * cpc/m/sl }{}
%</fdt1>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \section{The \Lpack{pacioli} package code} \label{sec:code}
%
%    Announce the name and version of the package, which requires
% \LaTeXe{}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*usc>
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\ProvidesPackage{pacioli}[1999/03/14 v1.0 package for Pacioli fonts]
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \begin{macro}{\cpcfamily}
%    Selects the Pacioli font family using the OT1 encoding.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\cpcfamily}{\usefont{OT1}{cpc}{m}{n}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\textcpc}
%    Text command for the Pacioli font family.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcpc}{\cpcfamily}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
%    The end of this package.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%</usc>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% \bibliographystyle{alpha}
%
% \begin{thebibliography}{GMS94}
%
% \bibitem[GMS94]{GOOSSENS94}
% Michel Goossens, Frank Mittelbach, and Alexander Samarin.
% \newblock {\em The LaTeX Companion}.
% \newblock Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1994.
%
% \bibitem[Mor94]{MORISON94}
% Stanley Morison.
% \newblock {\em Pacioli's Classic Roman Alphabet}.
% \newblock Dover, 1994.
%
% \end{thebibliography}
%
%
% \Finale
% \PrintIndex
%
\endinput

%% \CharacterTable
%%  {Upper-case    \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
%%   Lower-case    \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
%%   Digits        \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
%%   Exclamation   \!     Double quote  \"     Hash (number) \#
%%   Dollar        \$     Percent       \%     Ampersand     \&
%%   Acute accent  \'     Left paren    \(     Right paren   \)
%%   Asterisk      \*     Plus          \+     Comma         \,
%%   Minus         \-     Point         \.     Solidus       \/
%%   Colon         \:     Semicolon     \;     Less than     \<
%%   Equals        \=     Greater than  \>     Question mark \?
%%   Commercial at \@     Left bracket  \[     Backslash     \\
%%   Right bracket \]     Circumflex    \^     Underscore    \_
%%   Grave accent  \`     Left brace    \{     Vertical bar  \|
%%   Right brace   \}     Tilde         \~}