styles/apa-6th-edition.csl at master · citation-style-language/styles
Description: Official repository for Citation Style Language (CSL) citation styles. - styles/apa-6th-edition.csl at master · citation-style-language/styles

Skip to content
citation-style-language /styles Type `#` for issues and pull requests, `>` for commands, and `?` for help Type `#` for issues, pull requests, and projects, `>` for commands, and `?` for help Type `#` for issues, pull requests, and projects, `/` for files, and `>` for commands
We’ve encountered an error and some results aren't available at this time. Type a new search or try again later.
No results matched your search
Search for issues and pull requests `#` Search for issues, pull requests, discussions, and projects `#` Search for organizations, repositories, and users `@` Search for projects `!` Search for files `/` Activate command mode `>` Search your issues, pull requests, and discussions `# author:@me` Search your issues, pull requests, and discussions `# author:@me` Filter to pull requests `# is:pr` Filter to issues `# is:issue` Filter to discussions `# is:discussion` Filter to projects `# is:project` Filter to open issues, pull requests, and discussions `# is:open`

#
citation-style-language / styles Public

- Unwatch
  Stop ignoring
  Watch

  #
  Custom

  # Custom

  Select events you want to be notified of in addition to participating and @mentions.
  Issues
  Pull requests
  Releases
  Discussions
  Security alerts
  73
- 2.4k
  2.4k
- 3.2k

Open in github.dev
Permalink
master
Switch branches/tags
Loading

## styles/apa-6th-edition.csl

Go to file
Cannot retrieve contributors at this time
1566 lines (1566 sloc) 56.5 KB
Raw Blame
Loading

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="in-text" version="1.0" demote-non-dropping-particle="never" page-range-format="expanded">
<info>
<title>American Psychological Association 6th edition</title>
<title-short>APA (6th ed.)</title-short>
<id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/apa-6th-edition</id>
<link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/apa-6th-edition" rel="self"/>
<link href="http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/" rel="documentation"/>
<author>
<name>Simon Kornblith</name>
<email>simon@simonster.com</email>
</author>
<author>
<name> Brenton M. Wiernik</name>
<email>zotero@wiernik.org</email>
</author>
<contributor>
<name>Bruce D'Arcus</name>
</contributor>
<contributor>
<name>Curtis M. Humphrey</name>
</contributor>
<contributor>
<name>Richard Karnesky</name>
<email>karnesky+zotero@gmail.com</email>
<uri>http://arc.nucapt.northwestern.edu/Richard_Karnesky</uri>
</contributor>
<contributor>
<name>Sebastian Karcher</name>
</contributor>
<category citation-format="author-date"/>
<category field="psychology"/>
<category field="generic-base"/>
<updated>2016-09-28T13:09:49+00:00</updated>
<rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
</info>
<locale xml: lang="en">
<terms>
<term name="editortranslator" form="short">
<single>ed. &amp; trans.</single>
<multiple>eds. &amp; trans.</multiple>
</term>
<term name="translator" form="short">trans.</term>
<term name="interviewer" form="short">
<single>interviewer</single>
<multiple>interviewers</multiple>
</term>
<term name="collection-editor" form="short">
<single>series ed.</single>
<multiple>series eds.</multiple>
</term>
<term name="circa" form="short">ca.</term>
<term name="bc"> B.C.E.</term>
<term name="ad"> C.E.</term>
</terms>
</locale>
<locale xml: lang="es">
<terms>
<term name="from">de</term>
</terms>
</locale>
<locale xml: lang="de">
<terms>
<term name="et-al">et al.</term>
</terms>
</locale>
<locale xml: lang="da">
<terms>
<term name="et-al">et al.</term>
</terms>
</locale>
<locale xml: lang="nn">
<terms>
<term name="et-al">et al.</term>
</terms>
</locale>
<locale xml: lang="nl">
<terms>
<term name="et-al">et al.</term>
</terms>
</locale>
<locale xml: lang="nb">
<terms>
<term name="et-al">et al.</term>
</terms>
</locale>
<locale xml: lang="fr">
<terms>
<term name="editor" form="short">
<single>éd.</single>
<multiple>éds.</multiple>
</term>
</terms>
</locale>
<macro name="container-contributors-booklike">
<choose>
<if variable="container-title">
<names variable="editor translator" delimiter=", &amp; ">
<name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
<label form="short" prefix=" (" text-case="title" suffix=")"/>
<substitute>
<names variable="editorial-director"/>
<names variable="collection-editor"/>
<names variable="container-author"/>
</substitute>
</names>
</if>
</choose>
</macro>
<macro name="container-contributors">
<choose>
<!-- book is here to catch software with container titles -->
<if type="book broadcast chapter entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia graphic map personal_communication report speech" match="any">
<text macro="container-contributors-booklike"/>
</if>
<else-if type="paper-conference">
<choose>
<if variable="collection-editor container-author editor" match="any">
<text macro="container-contributors-booklike"/>
</if>
</choose>
</else-if>
</choose>
</macro>
<macro name="secondary-contributors-booklike">
<group delimiter="; ">
<choose>
<if variable="title">
<names variable="interviewer">
<name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
<label form="short" prefix=", " text-case="title"/>
</names>
</if>
</choose>
<choose>
<if variable="container-title" match="none">
<group delimiter="; ">
<names variable="container-author">
<label form="verb-short" suffix=" " text-case="title"/>
<name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
</names>
<names variable="editor translator" delimiter="; ">
<name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
<label form="short" prefix=", " text-case="title"/>
</names>
</group>
</if>
</choose>
</group>
</macro>
<macro name="secondary-contributors">
<choose>
<!-- book is here to catch software with container titles -->
<if type="book broadcast chapter entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia graphic map report" match="any">
<text macro="secondary-contributors-booklike"/>
</if>
<else-if type="personal_communication">
<group delimiter="; ">
<group delimiter=" ">
<choose>
<if variable="genre" match="any">
<text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
</if>
<else>
<text term="letter" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
</else>
</choose>
<names variable="recipient" delimiter=", ">
<label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
<name and="symbol" delimiter=", "/>
</names>
</group>
<text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
<choose>
<if variable="container-title" match="none">
<names variable="editor translator" delimiter="; ">
<name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
<label form="short" prefix=", " text-case="title"/>
</names>
</if>
</choose>
</group>
</else-if>
<else-if type="song">
<choose>
<if variable="original-author composer" match="any">
<group delimiter="; ">
<!-- Replace prefix with performer label as that becomes available -->
<names variable="author" prefix="Recorded by ">
<label form="verb" text-case="title"/>
<name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
</names>
<names variable="translator">
<name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
<label form="short" prefix=", " text-case="title"/>
</names>
</group>
</if>
</choose>
</else-if>
<else-if type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper" match="any">
<group delimiter="; ">
<choose>
<if variable="title">
<names variable="interviewer" delimiter="; ">
<name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
<label form="short" prefix=", " text-case="title"/>
</names>
</if>
</choose>
<names variable="translator" delimiter="; ">
<name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
<label form="short" prefix=", " text-case="title"/>
</names>
</group>
</else-if>
<else-if type="paper-conference">
<choose>
<if variable="collection-editor editor" match="any">
<text macro="secondary-contributors-booklike"/>
</if>
<else>
<group delimiter="; ">
<choose>
<if variable="title">
<names variable="interviewer" delimiter="; ">
<name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
<label form="short" prefix=", " text-case="title"/>
</names>
</if>
</choose>
<names variable="translator" delimiter="; ">
<name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
<label form="short" prefix=", " text-case="title"/>
</names>
</group>
</else>
</choose>
</else-if>
<else>
<group delimiter="; ">
<choose>
<if variable="title">
<names variable="interviewer">
<name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter="; "/>
<label form="short" prefix=", " text-case="title"/>
</names>
</if>
</choose>
<names variable="editor translator" delimiter="; ">
<name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
<label form="short" prefix=", " text-case="title"/>
</names>
</group>
</else>
</choose>
</macro>
<macro name="author">
<choose>
<if type="song">
<names variable="composer" delimiter=", ">
<name name-as-sort-order="all" and="symbol" sort-separator=", " initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
<substitute>
<names variable="original-author"/>
<names variable="author"/>
<names variable="translator">
<name name-as-sort-order="all" and="symbol" sort-separator=", " initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
<label form="short" prefix=" (" suffix=")" text-case="title"/>
</names>
<group delimiter=" ">
<text macro="title"/>
<text macro="description"/>
<text macro="format"/>
</group>
</substitute>
</names>
</if>
<else-if type="treaty"/>
<else>
<names variable="author" delimiter=", ">
<name name-as-sort-order="all" and="symbol" sort-separator=", " initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
<substitute>
<names variable="illustrator"/>
<names variable="composer"/>
<names variable="director">
<name name-as-sort-order="all" and="symbol" sort-separator=", " initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
<label form="long" prefix=" (" suffix=")" text-case="title"/>
</names>
<choose>
<if variable="container-title">
<choose>
<if type="book entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia" match="any">
<text macro="title"/>
</if>
<else>
<names variable="translator"/>
</else>
</choose>
<names variable="translator">
<name name-as-sort-order="all" and="symbol" sort-separator=", " initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
<label form="short" prefix=" (" suffix=")" text-case="title"/>
</names>
</if>
</choose>
<names variable="editor translator" delimiter=", ">
<name name-as-sort-order="all" and="symbol" sort-separator=", " initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
<label form="short" prefix=" (" suffix=")" text-case="title"/>
</names>
<names variable="editorial-director">
<name name-as-sort-order="all" and="symbol" sort-separator=", " initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
<label form="short" prefix=" (" suffix=")" text-case="title"/>
</names>
<names variable="collection-editor">
<name name-as-sort-order="all" and="symbol" sort-separator=", " initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
<label form="short" prefix=" (" suffix=")" text-case="title"/>
</names>
<choose>
<if type="report">
<text variable="publisher"/>
</if>
</choose>
<group delimiter=" ">
<text macro="title"/>
<text macro="description"/>
<text macro="format"/>
</group>
</substitute>
</names>
</else>
</choose>
</macro>
<macro name="author-short">
<choose>
<if type="patent" variable="number" match="all">
<text macro="patent-number"/>
</if>
<else-if type="treaty">
<text variable="title" form="short" text-case="title"/>
</else-if>
<else-if type="personal_communication">
<choose>
<if variable="archive DOI publisher URL" match="none">
<group delimiter=", ">
<names variable="author">
<name and="symbol" delimiter=", " initialize-with=". "/>
<substitute>
<text variable="title" form="short" text-case="title" quotes="true"/>
</substitute>
</names>
<!-- This should be localized -->
<text value="personal communication"/>
</group>
</if>
<else>
<names variable="author" delimiter=", ">
<name form="short" and="symbol" delimiter=", " initialize-with=". "/>
<substitute>
<names variable="editor"/>
<names variable="translator"/>
<choose>
<if variable="container-title">
<text variable="title" form="short" text-case="title" quotes="true"/>
</if>
<else>
<text variable="title" form="short" text-case="title" font-style="italic"/>
</else>
</choose>
<text macro="format-short" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
</substitute>
</names>
</else>
</choose>
</else-if>
<else-if type="song">
<names variable="composer" delimiter=", ">
<name form="short" and="symbol" delimiter=", " initialize-with=". "/>
<substitute>
<names variable="original-author"/>
<names variable="author"/>
<names variable="translator"/>
<choose>
<if variable="container-title">
<text variable="title" form="short" text-case="title" quotes="true"/>
</if>
<else>
<text variable="title" form="short" text-case="title" font-style="italic"/>
</else>
</choose>
<text macro="format-short" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
</substitute>
</names>
</else-if>
<else>
<names variable="author" delimiter=", ">
<name form="short" and="symbol" delimiter=", " initialize-with=". "/>
<substitute>
<names variable="illustrator"/>
<names variable="composer"/>
<names variable="director"/>
<choose>
<if variable="container-title">
<choose>
<if type="book entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia" match="any">
<text variable="title" form="short" text-case="title" quotes="true"/>
</if>
<else>
<names variable="translator"/>
</else>
</choose>
</if>
</choose>
<names variable="editor"/>
<names variable="editorial-director"/>
<names variable="translator"/>
<choose>
<if type="report" variable="publisher" match="all">
<text variable="publisher"/>
</if>
<else-if type="legal_case">
<text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
</else-if>
<else-if type="bill legislation" match="any">
<text variable="title" form="short" text-case="title"/>
</else-if>
<else-if variable="reviewed-author" type="review review-book" match="any">
<text macro="format-short" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
</else-if>
<else-if type="post post-weblog webpage" variable="container-title" match="any">
<text variable="title" form="short" text-case="title" quotes="true"/>
</else-if>
<else>
<text variable="title" form="short" text-case="title" font-style="italic"/>
</else>
</choose>
<text macro="format-short" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
</substitute>
</names>
</else>
</choose>
</macro>
<macro name="patent-number">
<!-- authority: U.S. ; genre: patent ; number: 123,445 -->
<group delimiter=" ">
<text variable="authority"/>
<choose>
<if variable="genre">
<text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
</if>
<else>
<!-- This should be localized -->
<text value="patent" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
</else>
</choose>
<group delimiter=" ">
<text term="issue" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
<text variable="number"/>
</group>
</group>
</macro>
<macro name="access">
<choose>
<if type="bill legal_case legislation" match="any"/>
<else-if variable="DOI" match="any">
<text variable="DOI" prefix="https://doi.org/"/>
</else-if>
<else-if variable="URL">
<group delimiter=" ">
<text term="retrieved" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
<choose>
<if type="post post-weblog webpage" match="any">
<date variable="accessed" form="text" suffix=","/>
</if>
</choose>
<text term="from"/>
<choose>
<if type="report">
<choose>
<if variable="author editor translator" match="any">
<!-- This should be localized -->
<text variable="publisher" suffix=" website:"/>
</if>
</choose>
</if>
<else-if type="post post-weblog webpage" match="any">
<!-- This should be localized -->
<text variable="container-title" suffix=" website:"/>
</else-if>
</choose>
<text variable="URL"/>
</group>
</else-if>
<else-if variable="archive">
<choose>
<if type="article article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper dataset paper-conference report speech thesis" match="any">
<!-- This section is for electronic database locations. Physical archives for these and other item types are called in 'publisher' macro -->
<choose>
<if variable="archive-place" match="none">
<group delimiter=" ">
<text term="retrieved" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
<text term="from"/>
<text variable="archive" suffix="."/>
<text variable="archive_location" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
</group>
</if>
</choose>
</if>
</choose>
</else-if>
</choose>
</macro>
<macro name="title">
<choose>
<if type="treaty">
<group delimiter=", ">
<text variable="title" text-case="title"/>
<names variable="author">
<name initialize-with="." form="short" delimiter="-"/>
</names>
</group>
</if>
<else-if type="patent" variable="number" match="all">
<text macro="patent-number" font-style="italic"/>
</else-if>
<else-if variable="title">
<choose>
<if variable="version" type="book" match="all">
<!---This is a hack until we have a software type -->
<text variable="title"/>
</if>
<else-if variable="reviewed-author reviewed-title" type="review review-book" match="any">
<choose>
<if variable="reviewed-title">
<choose>
<if type="post post-weblog webpage" variable="container-title" match="any">
<text variable="title"/>
</if>
<else>
<text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
</else>
</choose>
</if>
</choose>
</else-if>
<else-if type="post post-weblog webpage" variable="container-title" match="any">
<text variable="title"/>
</else-if>
<else>
<text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
</else>
</choose>
</else-if>
<else-if variable="interviewer" type="interview" match="any">
<names variable="interviewer">
<label form="verb-short" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
<name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
</names>
</else-if>
</choose>
</macro>
<!-- APA has four descriptive sections following the title: -->
<!-- (description), [format], container, event -->
<macro name="description">
<group prefix="(" suffix=")">
<choose>
<!-- book is here to catch software with container titles -->
<if type="book report" match="any">
<choose>
<if variable="container-title">
<text macro="secondary-contributors"/>
</if>
<else>
<group delimiter="; ">
<text macro="description-report"/>
<text macro="secondary-contributors"/>
</group>
</else>
</choose>
</if>
<else-if type="thesis">
<group delimiter="; ">
<group delimiter=", ">
<text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
<choose>
<!-- In APA journals, the university of a thesis is always cited, even if another locator is given -->
<if variable="DOI URL archive" match="any">
<text variable="publisher"/>
</if>
</choose>
</group>
<text macro="locators"/>
<text macro="secondary-contributors"/>
</group>
</else-if>
<else-if type="book interview manuscript motion_picture musical_score pamphlet post-weblog speech webpage" match="any">
<group delimiter="; ">
<text macro="locators"/>
<text macro="secondary-contributors"/>
</group>
</else-if>
<else-if type="song">
<choose>
<if variable="container-title" match="none">
<text macro="locators"/>
</if>
</choose>
</else-if>
<else-if type="article dataset figure" match="any">
<choose>
<if variable="container-title">
<text macro="secondary-contributors"/>
</if>
<else>
<group delimiter="; ">
<text macro="locators"/>
<text macro="secondary-contributors"/>
</group>
</else>
</choose>
</else-if>
<else-if type="bill legislation legal_case patent treaty personal_communication" match="none">
<text macro="secondary-contributors"/>
</else-if>
</choose>
</group>
</macro>
<macro name="format">
<group prefix="[" suffix="]">
<choose>
<if variable="reviewed-author reviewed-title" type="review review-book" match="any">
<group delimiter=", ">
<choose>
<if variable="genre">
<!-- Delimiting by , rather than "of" to avoid incorrect grammar -->
<group delimiter=", ">
<text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
<choose>
<if variable="reviewed-title">
<text variable="reviewed-title" font-style="italic"/>
</if>
<else>
<!-- Assume `title` is title of reviewed work -->
<text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
</else>
</choose>
</group>
</if>
<else>
<!-- This should be localized -->
<group delimiter=" ">
<text value="Review of"/>
<choose>
<if variable="reviewed-title">
<text variable="reviewed-title" font-style="italic"/>
</if>
<else>
<!-- Assume `title` is title of reviewed work -->
<text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
</else>
</choose>
</group>
</else>
</choose>
<names variable="reviewed-author">
<label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
<name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
</names>
</group>
</if>
<else>
<text macro="format-short"/>
</else>
</choose>
</group>
</macro>
<macro name="format-short">
<choose>
<if variable="reviewed-author reviewed-title" type="review review-book" match="any">
<choose>
<if variable="reviewed-title" match="none">
<choose>
<if variable="genre">
<!-- Delimiting by , rather than "of" to avoid incorrect grammar -->
<group delimiter=", ">
<text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
<text variable="title" form="short" text-case="title" font-style="italic"/>
</group>
</if>
<else>
<!-- This should be localized -->
<group delimiter=" ">
<text value="Review of"/>
<text variable="title" form="short" text-case="title" font-style="italic"/>
</group>
</else>
</choose>
</if>
<else>
<text variable="title" form="short" text-case="title" quotes="true"/>
</else>
</choose>
</if>
<else-if type="speech thesis" match="any">
<text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
</else-if>
<!-- book is here to catch software with container titles -->
<else-if type="book report" match="any">
<choose>
<if variable="container-title" match="none">
<text macro="format-report"/>
</if>
</choose>
</else-if>
<else-if type="manuscript pamphlet" match="any">
<text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
</else-if>
<else-if type="personal_communication">
<text macro="secondary-contributors"/>
</else-if>
<else-if type="song">
<group delimiter="; ">
<text macro="secondary-contributors"/>
<choose>
<if variable="container-title" match="none">
<group delimiter=", ">
<text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
<text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
</group>
</if>
</choose>
</group>
</else-if>
<else-if type="paper-conference">
<group delimiter=", ">
<choose>
<if variable="collection-editor editor issue page volume" match="any">
<text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
</if>
</choose>
<text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
</group>
</else-if>
<else-if type="bill legislation legal_case patent treaty" match="none">
<choose>
<if variable="genre medium" match="any">
<group delimiter=", ">
<text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
<text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
</group>
</if>
<else-if type="dataset">
<!-- This should be localized -->
<text value="Data set"/>
</else-if>
</choose>
</else-if>
</choose>
</macro>
<macro name="description-report">
<choose>
<if variable="number">
<group delimiter="; ">
<group delimiter=" ">
<text variable="genre" text-case="title"/>
<!-- Replace with term="number" if that becomes available -->
<text term="issue" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
<text variable="number"/>
</group>
<text macro="locators"/>
</group>
</if>
<else>
<text macro="locators"/>
</else>
</choose>
</macro>
<macro name="format-report">
<choose>
<if variable="number">
<text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
</if>
<else>
<group delimiter=", ">
<text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
<text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
</group>
</else>
</choose>
</macro>
<macro name="title-and-descriptions">
<group delimiter=" ">
<text macro="title"/>
<choose>
<if variable="title interviewer" type="interview" match="any">
<group delimiter=" ">
<text macro="description"/>
<text macro="format"/>
</group>
</if>
<else>
<group delimiter=" ">
<text macro="format"/>
<text macro="description"/>
</group>
</else>
</choose>
</group>
</macro>
<macro name="archive">
<group delimiter=". ">
<group delimiter=", ">
<choose>
<if type="manuscript">
<text variable="genre"/>
</if>
</choose>
<group delimiter=" ">
<!-- Replace "archive" with "archive_collection" as that becomes available -->
<text variable="archive"/>
<text variable="archive_location" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
</group>
</group>
<group delimiter=", ">
<!-- Move "archive" here when "archive_collection" becomes available -->
<text variable="archive-place"/>
</group>
</group>
</macro>
<macro name="publisher">
<choose>
<if type="manuscript pamphlet" match="any">
<choose>
<if variable="archive archive_location archive-place" match="any">
<group delimiter=". ">
<group delimiter=": ">
<text variable="publisher-place"/>
<text variable="publisher"/>
</group>
<text macro="archive"/>
</group>
</if>
<else>
<group delimiter=", ">
<text variable="genre"/>
<text variable="publisher"/>
<text variable="publisher-place"/>
</group>
</else>
</choose>
</if>
<else-if type="thesis" match="any">
<group delimiter=". ">
<group delimiter=", ">
<text variable="publisher"/>
<text variable="publisher-place"/>
</group>
<text macro="archive"/>
</group>
</else-if>
<else-if type="patent">
<group delimiter=". ">
<group delimiter=": ">
<text variable="publisher-place"/>
<text variable="publisher"/>
</group>
<text macro="archive"/>
</group>
</else-if>
<else-if type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper" match="any">
<text macro="archive"/>
</else-if>
<else-if type="post post-weblog webpage" match="none">
<group delimiter=". ">
<choose>
<if variable="event">
<choose>
<!-- Only print publisher info if published in a proceedings -->
<if variable="collection-editor editor issue page volume" match="any">
<group delimiter=": ">
<text variable="publisher-place"/>
<text variable="publisher"/>
</group>
</if>
</choose>
</if>
<else>
<group delimiter=": ">
<text variable="publisher-place"/>
<text variable="publisher"/>
</group>
</else>
</choose>
<text macro="archive"/>
</group>
</else-if>
</choose>
</macro>
<macro name="event">
<choose>
<if variable="event" type="speech paper-conference" match="any">
<choose>
<!-- Don't print event info if published in a proceedings -->
<if variable="collection-editor editor issue page volume" match="none">
<group delimiter=" ">
<text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
<group delimiter=" ">
<choose>
<if variable="genre">
<text term="presented at"/>
</if>
<else>
<text term="presented at" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
</else>
</choose>
<group delimiter=", ">
<text variable="event"/>
<text variable="event-place"/>
</group>
</group>
</group>
</if>
</choose>
</if>
</choose>
</macro>
<macro name="issued">
<choose>
<if type="bill legal_case legislation" match="any"/>
<else-if variable="issued">
<group>
<date variable="issued">
<date-part name="year"/>
</date>
<text variable="year-suffix"/>
<choose>
<if type="speech">
<date variable="issued" delimiter=" ">
<date-part prefix=", " name="month"/>
</date>
</if>
<else-if type="article article-magazine article-newspaper broadcast interview pamphlet personal_communication post post-weblog treaty webpage" match="any">
<date variable="issued">
<date-part prefix=", " name="month"/>
<date-part prefix=" " name="day"/>
</date>
</else-if>
<else-if type="paper-conference">
<choose>
<if variable="container-title" match="none">
<date variable="issued">
<date-part prefix=", " name="month"/>
<date-part prefix=" " name="day"/>
</date>
</if>
</choose>
</else-if>
<!-- Only year: article-journal chapter entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia dataset figure graphic motion_picture manuscript map musical_score paper-conference [published] patent report review review-book song thesis -->
</choose>
</group>
</else-if>
<else-if variable="status">
<group>
<text variable="status" text-case="lowercase"/>
<text variable="year-suffix" prefix="-"/>
</group>
</else-if>
<else>
<text term="no date" form="short"/>
<text variable="year-suffix" prefix="-"/>
</else>
</choose>
</macro>
<macro name="issued-sort">
<choose>
<if type="article article-magazine article-newspaper broadcast interview pamphlet personal_communication post post-weblog speech treaty webpage" match="any">
<date variable="issued">
<date-part name="year"/>
<date-part name="month"/>
<date-part name="day"/>
</date>
</if>
<else>
<date variable="issued">
<date-part name="year"/>
</date>
</else>
</choose>
</macro>
<macro name="issued-year">
<group>
<choose>
<if type="personal_communication">
<choose>
<if variable="archive DOI publisher URL" match="none">
<!-- These variables indicate that the letter is retrievable by the reader. If not, then use the APA in-text-only personal communication format -->
<date variable="issued" form="text"/>
</if>
<else>
<date variable="issued">
<date-part name="year"/>
</date>
</else>
</choose>
</if>
<else>
<date variable="issued">
<date-part name="year"/>
</date>
</else>
</choose>
<text variable="year-suffix"/>
</group>
</macro>
<macro name="issued-citation">
<choose>
<if variable="issued">
<group delimiter="/">
<choose>
<if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
<group prefix="[" suffix="]" delimiter=" ">
<text term="circa" form="short"/>
<date variable="original-date">
<date-part name="year"/>
</date>
</group>
</if>
<else>
<date variable="original-date">
<date-part name="year"/>
</date>
</else>
</choose>
<choose>
<if is-uncertain-date="issued">
<group prefix="[" suffix="]" delimiter=" ">
<text term="circa" form="short"/>
<text macro="issued-year"/>
</group>
</if>
<else>
<text macro="issued-year"/>
</else>
</choose>
</group>
</if>
<else-if variable="status">
<text variable="status" text-case="lowercase"/>
<text variable="year-suffix" prefix="-"/>
</else-if>
<else>
<text term="no date" form="short"/>
<text variable="year-suffix" prefix="-"/>
</else>
</choose>
</macro>
<macro name="original-date">
<choose>
<if type="bill legal_case legislation" match="any"/>
<else-if type="speech">
<date variable="original-date" delimiter=" ">
<date-part name="month"/>
<date-part name="year"/>
</date>
</else-if>
<else-if type="article article-magazine article-newspaper broadcast interview pamphlet personal_communication post post-weblog treaty webpage" match="any">
<date variable="original-date" form="text"/>
</else-if>
<else>
<date variable="original-date">
<date-part name="year"/>
</date>
</else>
</choose>
</macro>
<macro name="original-published">
<!--This should be localized -->
<choose>
<if type="bill legal_case legislation" match="any"/>
<else-if type="interview motion_picture song" match="any">
<text value="Original work recorded"/>
</else-if>
<else-if type="broadcast">
<text value="Original work broadcast"/>
</else-if>
<else>
<text value="Original work published"/>
</else>
</choose>
</macro>
<macro name="edition">
<choose>
<if is-numeric="edition">
<group delimiter=" ">
<number variable="edition" form="ordinal"/>
<text term="edition" form="short"/>
</group>
</if>
<else>
<text variable="edition"/>
</else>
</choose>
</macro>
<macro name="locators">
<choose>
<if type="article-journal article-magazine figure review review-book" match="any">
<group delimiter=", ">
<group>
<text variable="volume" font-style="italic"/>
<text variable="issue" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
</group>
<text variable="page"/>
</group>
</if>
<else-if type="article-newspaper">
<group delimiter=" ">
<label variable="page" form="short"/>
<text variable="page"/>
</group>
</else-if>
<else-if type="paper-conference">
<choose>
<if variable="collection-editor editor" match="any">
<text macro="locators-booklike"/>
</if>
<else>
<group delimiter=", ">
<group>
<text variable="volume" font-style="italic"/>
<text variable="issue" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
</group>
<text variable="page"/>
</group>
</else>
</choose>
</else-if>
<else-if type="bill broadcast interview legal_case legislation patent post post-weblog speech treaty webpage" match="none">
<text macro="locators-booklike"/>
</else-if>
</choose>
</macro>
<macro name="locators-booklike">
<group delimiter=", ">
<text macro="edition"/>
<group delimiter=" ">
<text term="version" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
<text variable="version"/>
</group>
<choose>
<if variable="volume" match="any">
<choose>
<if is-numeric="volume" match="none"/>
<else-if variable="collection-title">
<choose>
<if variable="editor translator" match="none">
<choose>
<if variable="collection-number">
<group>
<text term="volume" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
<number variable="volume" form="numeric"/>
</group>
</if>
</choose>
</if>
</choose>
</else-if>
<else>
<group>
<text term="volume" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
<number variable="volume" form="numeric"/>
</group>
</else>
</choose>
</if>
<else>
<group>
<text term="volume" form="short" plural="true" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
<number variable="number-of-volumes" form="numeric" prefix="1&#8211;"/>
</group>
</else>
</choose>
<group>
<label variable="page" form="short" suffix=" "/>
<text variable="page"/>
</group>
</group>
</macro>
<macro name="citation-locator">
<group>
<choose>
<if locator="chapter">
<label variable="locator" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
</if>
<else>
<label variable="locator" form="short"/>
</else>
</choose>
<text variable="locator" prefix=" "/>
</group>
</macro>
<macro name="container">
<choose>
<if type="article article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper review review-book" match="any">
<group delimiter=", ">
<text macro="container-title"/>
<text macro="locators"/>
</group>
<choose>
<!--for advance online publication-->
<if variable="issued">
<choose>
<if variable="page issue" match="none">
<text variable="status" text-case="capitalize-first" prefix=". "/>
</if>
</choose>
</if>
</choose>
</if>
<else-if type="article dataset figure" match="any">
<choose>
<if variable="container-title">
<group delimiter=", ">
<text macro="container-title"/>
<text macro="locators"/>
</group>
<choose>
<!--for advance online publication-->
<if variable="issued">
<choose>
<if variable="page issue" match="none">
<text variable="status" text-case="capitalize-first" prefix=". "/>
</if>
</choose>
</if>
</choose>
</if>
</choose>
</else-if>
<!-- book is here to catch software with container titles -->
<else-if type="book" variable="container-title" match="all">
<group delimiter=" ">
<text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
<group delimiter=", ">
<text macro="container-contributors"/>
<group delimiter=" ">
<text macro="container-title"/>
<text macro="description-report" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
<text macro="format-report" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
</group>
</group>
</group>
</else-if>
<else-if type="report" variable="container-title" match="all">
<group delimiter=" ">
<text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
<group delimiter=", ">
<text macro="container-contributors"/>
<group delimiter=" ">
<text macro="container-title"/>
<text macro="description-report" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
<text macro="format-report" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
</group>
</group>
</group>
</else-if>
<else-if type="song" variable="container-title" match="all">
<group delimiter=" ">
<text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
<group delimiter=", ">
<text macro="container-contributors"/>
<group delimiter=" ">
<text macro="container-title"/>
<text macro="locators" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
<group delimiter=", " prefix="[" suffix="]">
<text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
<text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
</group>
</group>
</group>
</group>
</else-if>
<else-if type="paper-conference">
<choose>
<if variable="editor collection-editor container-author" match="any">
<text macro="container-booklike"/>
</if>
<else>
<group delimiter=", ">
<text macro="container-title"/>
<text macro="locators"/>
</group>
</else>
</choose>
</else-if>
<else-if type="book">
<choose>
<!-- book and software should not cite collection-title, only container-title -->
<if variable="container-title">
<text macro="container-booklike"/>
</if>
</choose>
</else-if>
<else-if type="broadcast chapter entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia graphic map speech" match="any">
<text macro="container-booklike"/>
</else-if>
<else-if type="bill legal_case legislation treaty" match="any">
<text macro="legal-cites"/>
</else-if>
</choose>
</macro>
<macro name="container-booklike">
<choose>
<if variable="container-title collection-title" match="any">
<group delimiter=" ">
<text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
<group delimiter=", ">
<text macro="container-contributors"/>
<choose>
<if variable="container-author editor translator" match="none">
<group delimiter=". ">
<group delimiter=": ">
<text variable="collection-title" font-style="italic" text-case="title"/>
<choose>
<if variable="collection-title">
<group delimiter=" ">
<text term="volume" form="short" font-style="italic" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
<number variable="collection-number" font-style="italic" form="numeric"/>
<choose>
<if variable="collection-number" match="none">
<number variable="volume" font-style="italic" form="numeric"/>
</if>
</choose>
</group>
</if>
</choose>
</group>
<!-- Replace with volume-title as that becomes available -->
<group delimiter=": ">
<text macro="container-title"/>
<choose>
<if variable="collection-title" is-numeric="volume" match="none">
<group delimiter=" ">
<text term="volume" form="short" font-style="italic" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
<text variable="volume" font-style="italic"/>
</group>
</if>
</choose>
</group>
</group>
</if>
<else>
<!-- Replace with volume-title as that becomes available -->
<group delimiter=": ">
<text macro="container-title"/>
<choose>
<if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
<group delimiter=" ">
<text term="volume" form="short" font-style="italic" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
<text variable="volume" font-style="italic"/>
</group>
</if>
</choose>
</group>
</else>
</choose>
</group>
<group delimiter="; " prefix="(" suffix=")">
<text macro="locators"/>
<names variable="container-author">
<label form="verb-short" suffix=" " text-case="title"/>
<name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
</names>
</group>
</group>
</if>
</choose>
</macro>
<macro name="container-title">
<choose>
<if type="article article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper dataset" match="any">
<text variable="container-title" font-style="italic" text-case="title"/>
</if>
<else-if type="paper-conference speech" match="any">
<choose>
<if variable="collection-editor container-author editor" match="any">
<text variable="container-title" font-style="italic"/>
</if>
<else>
<text variable="container-title" font-style="italic" text-case="title"/>
</else>
</choose>
</else-if>
<else-if type="bill legal_case legislation post-weblog webpage" match="none">
<text variable="container-title" font-style="italic"/>
</else-if>
</choose>
</macro>
<!-- After 'source', APA also prints publication history (original publication, reprint info, retraction info) -->
<macro name="publication-history">
<choose>
<if type="patent" match="none">
<group prefix="(" suffix=")">
<choose>
<if variable="references">
<!-- This provides the option for more elaborate description
of publication history, such as full "reprinted" references
(example 26) or retracted references -->
<text variable="references"/>
</if>
<else>
<choose>
<if variable="original-date">
<group delimiter=" ">
<text macro="original-published"/>
<choose>
<if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
<group prefix="[" suffix="]" delimiter=" ">
<text term="circa" form="short"/>
<text macro="original-date"/>
</group>
</if>
<else>
<text macro="original-date"/>
</else>
</choose>
</group>
</if>
</choose>
</else>
</choose>
</group>
</if>
<else>
<text variable="references" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
</else>
</choose>
</macro>
<macro name="legal-cites">
<choose>
<if type="legal_case">
<group prefix=", " delimiter=" ">
<group delimiter=" ">
<choose>
<if variable="container-title">
<text variable="volume"/>
<text variable="container-title"/>
<group delimiter=" ">
<!--change to label variable="section" as that becomes available -->
<text term="section" form="symbol"/>
<text variable="section"/>
</group>
<text variable="page"/>
</if>
<else>
<group delimiter=" ">
<choose>
<if is-numeric="number">
<!-- Replace with term="number" if that becomes available -->
<text term="issue" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
</if>
</choose>
<text variable="number"/>
</group>
</else>
</choose>
</group>
<group prefix="(" suffix=")" delimiter=" ">
<text variable="authority"/>
<choose>
<if variable="container-title" match="any">
<!--Only print year for cases published in reporters-->
<date variable="issued" form="numeric" date-parts="year"/>
</if>
<else>
<date variable="issued" form="text"/>
</else>
</choose>
</group>
</group>
</if>
<else-if type="bill legislation" match="any">
<group prefix=", " delimiter=" ">
<group delimiter=", ">
<choose>
<if variable="number">
<!--There's a public law number-->
<text variable="number" prefix="Pub. L. No. "/>
<group delimiter=" ">
<!--change to label variable="section" as that becomes available -->
<text term="section" form="symbol"/>
<text variable="section"/>
</group>
<group delimiter=" ">
<text variable="volume"/>
<text variable="container-title"/>
<text variable="page-first"/>
</group>
</if>
<else>
<group delimiter=" ">
<text variable="volume"/>
<text variable="container-title"/>
<!--change to label variable="section" as that becomes available -->
<text term="section" form="symbol"/>
<text variable="section"/>
</group>
</else>
</choose>
</group>
<date variable="issued" prefix="(" suffix=")">
<date-part name="year"/>
</date>
</group>
</else-if>
<else-if type="treaty">
<group delimiter=" ">
<number variable="volume"/>
<text variable="container-title"/>
<text variable="page"/>
</group>
</else-if>
</choose>
</macro>
<citation et-al-min="6" et-al-use-first="1" et-al-subsequent-min="3" et-al-subsequent-use-first="1" disambiguate-add-year-suffix="true" disambiguate-add-names="true" disambiguate-add-givenname="true" collapse="year" givenname-disambiguation-rule="primary-name">
<sort>
<key macro="author" names-min="8" names-use-first="6"/>
<key macro="issued-sort"/>
</sort>
<layout prefix="(" suffix=")" delimiter="; ">
<group delimiter=", ">
<text macro="author-short"/>
<text macro="issued-citation"/>
<text macro="citation-locator"/>
</group>
</layout>
</citation>
<bibliography hanging-indent="true" et-al-min="8" et-al-use-first="6" et-al-use-last="true" entry-spacing="0" line-spacing="2">
<sort>
<key macro="author"/>
<key macro="issued-sort" sort="ascending"/>
<key macro="title"/>
</sort>
<layout>
<group delimiter=" ">
<group delimiter=". " suffix=".">
<text macro="author"/>
<choose>
<if is-uncertain-date="issued">
<group prefix="[" suffix="]" delimiter=" ">
<text term="circa" form="short"/>
<text macro="issued"/>
</group>
</if>
<else>
<text macro="issued" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
</else>
</choose>
<text macro="title-and-descriptions"/>
<text macro="container"/>
<text macro="event"/>
<text macro="publisher"/>
</group>
<text macro="access"/>
<text macro="publication-history"/>
</group>
</layout>
</bibliography>
</style>

You can’t perform that action at this time.
You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.