# Mining species list for any plant family

Here in this article, we show how to use the package’s function `powoSpecies` for mining all accepted species for any genus or family of vascular plants in the World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP; Govaerts et al., 2021) available through Kew’s Plants of The World Online (POWO, https://powo.science.kew.org).

# Setup

Install the latest development version of expowo from GitHub:

    #install.packages("devtools")
    devtools::install_github("DBOSlab/expowo")

    library(expowo)

## Mining all accepted species for any plant family

The function `powoSpecies` returns a data frame or saves a CSV file listing all accepted species (including hybrid species or not), their publication, authorship, and global geographic distribution at country or botanical level for any family of vascular plants. The global classification of botanical divisions follows the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, which is already associated with each taxon’s distribution in the POWO.

The example below shows how to mine all accepted species for a specified vector of families. The output shown here (TABLE 1) is a simplified version, where we have removed some columns (genus, epithet and authors) so as to focus on the display of the taxonomic and distribution data.

    res <- powoSpecies(family = c("Cabombaceae", "Martyniaceae"),
                       hybrid = FALSE,
                       verbose = TRUE,
                       save = FALSE,
                       dir = "results_powoSpecies",
                       filename = "Cabom_Martyniaceae_search")

TABLE 1. A general `powoSpecies` search for mining all accepted species for some specific plant families.
family | scientific_name | publication | native_to_country | native_to_botanical_countries | kew_id
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Martyniaceae | Craniolaria annua L. | Sp. Pl.: 618 (1753) | Colombia, Dominican Republic, Guyana, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles | Colombia, Dominican Republic, Guyana, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles | 675800-1
Martyniaceae | Craniolaria integrifolia Cham. | Linnaea 7: 725 (1832) | Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay | Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Bolivia, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Paraguay, Uruguay | 675805-1
Martyniaceae | Holoregmia viscida Nees | Flora 4: 300 (1821) | Brazil | Brazil Northeast | 327210-2
Martyniaceae | Ibicella lutea (Lindl.) Van Eselt. | Techn. Bull. New York Agric. Exp. Sta., Geneva 149: 34 (1929) | Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay | Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Paraguay, Uruguay | 565368-1
Martyniaceae | Ibicella parodii Abbiatti | Notas Mus. La Plata, Bot. 4: 458 (1939) | Argentina, Bolivia | Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Bolivia | 127285-2
Martyniaceae | Martynia annua L. | Sp. Pl.: 618 (1753) | Bahamas, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Leeward Is., Mexico, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Trinidad-Tobago, Windward Is. | Bahamas, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Leeward Is., Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Trinidad-Tobago, Windward Is. | 675840-1
Martyniaceae | Martynia palmeri S.Watson | Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 24: 66 (1889) | Mexico | Mexico Northwest | 153752-2
Martyniaceae | Proboscidea althaeifolia (Benth.) Decne. | Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 5, 3: 324 (1865) | Mexico, Peru, United States | Arizona, California, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, New Mexico, Peru, Texas | 675893-1
Martyniaceae | Proboscidea diversifolia Hevly | Brittonia 21: 311 (1970) | Mexico | Mexico Southwest | 283779-2
Martyniaceae | Proboscidea louisianica (Mill.) Thell. | Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Math. Cherbourg 38: 480 (1912) | Mexico, United States | California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southwest, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wyoming | 210335-2
Martyniaceae | Proboscidea parviflora (Wooton) Wooton & Standl. | Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 19: 602 (1915) | Mexico, United States | Arizona, California, Mexico Central, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah | 210338-2
Martyniaceae | Proboscidea sabulosa Correll | Rhodora 68: 426 (1966) | United States | New Mexico, Texas | 210340-2
Martyniaceae | Proboscidea spicata Correll | Wrightia 4: 77 (1968) | Mexico | Mexico Northeast | 210342-2
Martyniaceae | Proboscidea triloba (Schltdl. & Cham.) Decne. | Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 5, 3: 326 (1865) | Guatemala, Mexico | Guatemala, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest | 675906-1
Cabombaceae | Brasenia schreberi J.F.Gmel. | Syst. Nat. ed. 13[bis].: 853 (1791) | Angola, Australia, Bangladesh, Belize, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, China, Cuba, District of Columbia, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Guatemala, Guyana, India, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Mexico, Nigeria, North Korea, South Korea, Quebec, Rhode I., Russia, South Africa, Taiwan, Tanzania, Uganda, United States, Venezuela, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe | Alabama, Alaska, Alberta, Amur, Angola, Arkansas, Assam, Bangladesh, Belize, Botswana, British Columbia, Burundi, California, Cameroon, China South-Central, China Southeast, Connecticut, Cuba, Delaware, District of Columbia, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Florida, Georgia, Guatemala, Guyana, Idaho, Illinois, India, Indiana, Iowa, Jamaica, Japan, Kansas, Kentucky, Kenya, Korea, Louisiana, Maine, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New South Wales, New York, Newfoundland, Nigeria, North Carolina, Northern Provinces, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Primorye, Queensland, Quebec, Rhode I., South Carolina, Taiwan, Tanzania, Tennessee, Texas, Uganda, Venezuela, Vermont, Victoria, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Zambia, Zaire, Zimbabwe | 605270-1
Cabombaceae | Cabomba aquatica Aubl. | Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 321 (1775) | Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela | Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela | 605272-1
Cabombaceae | Cabomba caroliniana A.Gray | Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 4: 47 (1837) | Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, District of Columbia, Mexico, Paraguay, Rhode I., United States, Uruguay | Alabama, Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Arkansas, Bolivia, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mexico Northeast, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Paraguay, Pennsylvania, Rhode I., South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Uruguay, Virginia | 273581-2
Cabombaceae | Cabomba furcata Schult. & Schult.f. | Syst. Veg. 7: 1379 (1830) | Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Guyana, Honduras, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela | Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Guyana, Honduras, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela | 273584-2
Cabombaceae | Cabomba haynesii Wiersema | Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76: 1167 (1989) | Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela | Brazil West-Central, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela | 273585-2
Cabombaceae | Cabomba palaeformis Fassett | Castanea 18: 127 (1953) | Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua | Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Nicaragua | 39039-2
Cabombaceae | Cabomba schwartzii Rataj | Acta Amazonica 7: 143 (1977) | Brazil | Brazil North | 128749-1

## Narrowing down the `powoSpecies` search based on a specified country vector

You can also narrow down the species checklist search of any family by focusing on just a particular country or a list of countries. You just need to define a vector of country names in the argument . In the example below, note that we have originally searched for the species within the families Aristolochiaceae, Cabombaceae, and Martyniaceae, but the function returned a smaller species list, because many species in the searched families are not recorded in any of the specified vector of country, i.e. Brazil or Colombia.

    ACM <- powoSpecies(family = c("Aristolochiaceae", "Cabombaceae", "Martyniaceae"),
                       hybrid = FALSE,
                       country = c("Brazil", "Colombia"),
                       verbose = FALSE,
                       save = FALSE,
                       dir = "results_powoSpecies",
                       filename = "country_constrained_search")

TABLE 2. A `powoSpecies` search based on a specified country vector.
family | scientific_name | publication | native_to_country | native_to_botanical_countries
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia arcuata Mast. | C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 4(2): 101 (1875) | Brazil | Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia assisii J.Freitas, Lirio & F.Gonzalez | Phytotaxa 163: 263 (2014) | Brazil | Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia bahiensis F.Gonzalez | Brittonia 50: 8 (1998) | Brazil | Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia birostris Duch. | Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 4, 2: 60 (1854) | Brazil | Brazil Northeast
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia brunneomaculata I.S.Abreu & Giul. | Sitientibus Ser. Ci. Biol. 16: 1 (2016) | Brazil | Brazil Northeast
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia burchellii Mast. | C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 4(2): 90 (1875) | Brazil | Brazil North
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia cabrerae Ahumada | Folia Bot. Geobot. Corrent. 2: 1 (1989) | Brazil | Brazil West-Central
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia chrysochlora Barb.Rodr. | Vellosia 2: 23A (1885-1888 publ.1891) | Brazil | Brazil North
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia colombiana F.Gonzalez | Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 90: 52 (2000) | Colombia | Colombia
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia colossifolia Hoehne | Arq. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo 2: 171 (1952) | Colombia | Colombia
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia cordigera (Klotzsch) Duch. | A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 15(1): 455 (1864) | Brazil | Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia cymbifera Mart. | Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 1: 76 (1824) | Brazil | Brazil Southeast
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia cynanchifolia Mart. | Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 1: 77 (1824) | Brazil | Brazil Southeast
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia echinata Barb.Rodr. | Pl. Jard. Rio de Janeiro 5: 9 (1896) | Brazil | Brazil Southeast
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia eriantha Mart. | Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 1: 78 (1824) | Brazil | Brazil Northeast
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia filipendulina Duch. | Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 4, 2: 70 (1854) | Brazil | Brazil West-Central
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia gardneri Duch. | Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 4, 2: 69 (1854) | Brazil | Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil West-Central
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia gehrtii Hoehne | Arq. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo, n.s., f.m., 1: 45 (1939) | Brazil | Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia gigantea Mart. & Zucc. | Flora 7(1, Beil.): 139 (1824) | Brazil | Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia ginzbergeri Ahumada | Darwiniana 21: 78 (1977 publ. 1978) | Brazil | Brazil North
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia gracilipedunculata F.Gonzalez | Brittonia 63: 431 (2011) | Brazil | Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia gracilis Duch. | A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 15(1): 460 (1864) | Brazil | Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia hilariana Duch. | A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 15(1): 451 (1864) | Brazil | Brazil Southeast
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia hispida Pohl ex Duch. | A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 15(1): 498 (1864) | Brazil | Brazil Southeast
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia huberiana S.Moore | J. Bot. 53: 6 (1915) | Brazil | Brazil North
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia huebneriana O.C.Schmidt | Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 40: 133 (1936) | Brazil | Brazil North
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia hypoglauca Kuhlm. | Arq. Inst. Biol. Veg. 3: 45 (1936) | Brazil | Brazil Southeast
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia insolita J.Freitas & M.Peixoto | Syst. Bot. 42: 169 (2017) | Brazil | Brazil Southeast
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia keratuma F.Gonzalez & Pabon-Mora | Caldasia 39(1): 52 (2017) | Colombia | Colombia
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia krukoffii O.C.Schmidt | Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 53 (1938) | Brazil | Brazil North
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia labiata Willd. | Mem. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 2: 101 (1809) | Brazil | Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia lanceolatolorata S.Moore | J. Bot. 53: 4 (1915) | Brazil | Brazil North
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia limai Hoehne | Arq. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo 1: 91 (1942) | Brazil | Brazil Southeast
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia longispathulata F.Gonzalez | Novon 10: 371 (2000) | Brazil | Brazil Northeast
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia lorenae J.Freitas & F.Gonzalez | Syst. Bot. 44: 101 (2019) | Brazil | Brazil North
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia lutescens Duch. | A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 15(1): 461 (1864) | Brazil | Brazil Southeast
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia manaosensis Ahumada | Darwiniana 21: 77 (1977 publ. 1978) | Brazil | Brazil North
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia marianensis Ahumada | Hickenia 1: 171 (1979) | Brazil | Brazil Southeast
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia medicinalis R.E.Schult. | Bot. Mus. Leafl. 21: 266 (1967) | Colombia | Colombia
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia melastoma Silva Manso ex Duch. | A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 15(1): 461 (1864) | Brazil | Brazil North, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia morae F.Gonzalez | Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 71: 500 (1993) | Colombia | Colombia
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia nevesarmondiana Hoehne | Arch. Bot. Sao Paulo 1: 7 (1925) | Brazil | Brazil Southeast
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia odora Steud. | Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 133 (1840) | Brazil | Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia papillaris Mast. | C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 4(2): 100 (1875) | Brazil | Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia paulistana Hoehne | Arch. Bot. Sao Paulo 1: 13 (1925) | Brazil | Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia pohliana Duch. | A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 15(1): 496 (1864) | Brazil | Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia pubescens Willd. ex Duch. | A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 15(1): 450 (1864) | Brazil | Brazil Northeast
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia raja Mart. | Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 1: 78 (1824) | Brazil | Brazil Southeast
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia robertii Ahumada | Fl. Ilustr. Catar. 1(Arist.): 35 (1975) | Brazil | Brazil South
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia rumicifolia Mart. | Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 1: 79 (1824) | Brazil | Brazil Southeast
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia sepicola Mast. | C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 4(2): 100 (1875) | Brazil | Brazil Northeast
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia setosa Duch. | A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 15(1): 496 (1864) | Brazil | Brazil Northeast, Brazil West-Central
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia smilacina Duch. | A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 15(1): 459 (1864) | Brazil | Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia subglobosa J.Freitas, Lirio & F.Gonzalez | Phytotaxa 124: 56 (2013) | Brazil | Brazil Southeast
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia tamnifolia (Klotzsch) Duch. | A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 15(1): 448 (1864) | Brazil | Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia trulliformis Mast. | C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 4(2): 101 (1875) | Brazil | Brazil North, Brazil Northeast
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia urbaniana Taub. | Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 27: 14 (1890) | Brazil | Brazil Southeast
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia warmingii Mast. | C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 4(2): 109 (1875) | Brazil | Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia wendeliana Hoehne | Arq. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo, n.s., f.m., 1: 45 (1939) | Brazil | Brazil South, Brazil Southeast
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia zebrina J.Freitas & F.Gonzalez | Nordic J. Bot. 34: 54 (2016) | Brazil | Brazil Southeast
Aristolochiaceae | Prosopanche caatingicola R.F.Machado & L.P.Queiroz | Phytotaxa 75: 59 (2012) | Brazil | Brazil Northeast
Aristolochiaceae | Prosopanche cocuccii Tav.de Carvalho, Zachia & Mariath | Phytotaxa 521: 178 (2021) | Brazil | Brazil South
Aristolochiaceae | Prosopanche demogorgoni Funez | Phytotaxa 422: 94 (2019) | Brazil | Brazil South
Martyniaceae | Holoregmia viscida Nees | Flora 4: 300 (1821) | Brazil | Brazil Northeast
Cabombaceae | Cabomba schwartzii Rataj | Acta Amazonica 7: 143 (1977) | Brazil | Brazil North

## Narrowing down the `powoSpecies` search based on a specified genus and country vector

You may want to retrieve information for just one or a list of accepted genera from a given country (or from a list of countries). Just like before, you only need to define a vector of genus names in the argument and a vector of country names in the argument . In the example below, see that we have searched for just the genera Proboscidea and Cabomba of the families Martyniaceae and Cabombaceae, but the function only returned the Cabombaceae genus Cabomba, because Proboscidea does not occur in any of the provided list of countries, i.e. Argentina, French Guiana, or Brazil.

    MC <- powoSpecies(family = c("Martyniaceae", "Cabombaceae"),
                      genus = c("Proboscidea", "Cabomba"),
                      hybrid = FALSE,
                      country = c("Argentina", "French Guiana", "Brazil"),
                      verbose = TRUE,
                      save = FALSE,
                      dir = "results_powoSpecies",
                      filename = "country_and_genus_constrained_search")

TABLE 3. A `powoSpecies` search based on specified genus and country vectors.
family | taxon_name | authors | scientific_name | publication | native_to_country | native_to_botanical_countries | kew_id
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Cabombaceae | Cabomba schwartzii | Rataj | Cabomba schwartzii Rataj | Acta Amazonica 7: 143 (1977) | Brazil | Brazil North | 128749-1

## Mining all accepted species for all plant families

To mine a species checklist for all families of vascular plants, you recommend to load the dataframe-formatted data object called `POWOcodes` that comes associated with the expowo package. The `POWOcodes` data object already contains the URI addresses for all plant families recognized in the POWO database, so you just need to call it to your R environment.

The example below shows how to mine a global checklist of all accepted species of vascular plants by using the vector of all plant families and associated URI addresses stored in the `POWOcodes` object.

    utils::data("POWOcodes")

    ALL_spp <- powoSpecies(POWOcodes$family,
                           hybrid = TRUE,
                           verbose = TRUE,
                           save = FALSE,
                           dir = "results_powoSpecies",
                           filename = "all_plant_species")

Since this is a very long search that might requires hours to be completed, it may happen to loose internet connection at some point of the queried search. But you do not need to start an entirely new search from the beginning. By setting the `powoSpecies` with `rerun = TRUE`, a previously stopped search will continue from where it left off, starting with the last retrieved taxon. Please ensure that the ‘filename’ argument exactly matches the name of the CSV file saved from the previous search, and that the previously saved CSV file is located within a subfolder named after the current date. If it is not, please rename the date subfolder accordingly.

    utils::data("POWOcodes")

    ALL_spp <- powoSpecies(POWOcodes$family,
                           hybrid = TRUE,
                           verbose = TRUE,
                           rerun = TRUE,
                           save = FALSE,
                           dir = "results_powoSpecies",
                           filename = "all_plant_species")

## Reference

POWO (2019). “Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/ Retrieved April 2023.”