# progressr: Parallel and Distributed Processing

## TL;DR

The progressr package works seamlessly with parallel and distributed processing using futureverse, and it will also provide near-live progress updates while the parallel processing is still running. For example,

    library(future)
    library(progressr)
    plan(multisession, workers = 2)
    handlers(global = TRUE)
    handlers("progress")

    my_fcn <- function(xs) {
      p <- progressr::progressor(along = xs)
      future.apply::future_lapply(xs, function(x, ...) {
        Sys.sleep((10.0-x)/2)
        p(sprintf("x=%g", x))
        sqrt(x)
      })
    }

    y <- my_fcn(1:10)
    # / [================>-----------------------------]  40% x=2

## Introduction

The futureverse framework, which provides a unified API for parallel and distributed processing in R, has built-in support for the kind of progression updates produced by the progressr package. This means that you can use it with, for instance, future.apply, furrr, and foreach with doFuture, and plyr or BiocParallel with doFuture. In contrast, non-future parallelization methods such as parallel's `mclapply()` and `parallel::parLapply()`, and foreach adapters like doParallel do not support progress reports via progressr.

### future_lapply() - parallel lapply()

Here is an example that uses `future_lapply()` of the future.apply package to parallelize on the local machine while at the same time signaling progression updates:

    library(future.apply)
    plan(multisession, workers = 2)

    library(progressr)
    handlers(global = TRUE)

    my_fcn <- function(xs) {
      p <- progressor(along = xs)
      future_lapply(xs, function(x, ...) {
        Sys.sleep((10.0-x)/2)
        p(sprintf("x=%g", x))
        sqrt(x)
      })
    }

    y <- my_fcn(1:10)
    # / [================>-----------------------------]  40% x=2

### foreach() with doFuture

Here is an example that uses `foreach()` of the foreach package together with `%dofuture%` of the doFuture package to parallelize while reporting on progress. This example parallelizes on the local machine; it works also for remote machines:

    library(doFuture)    ## %dofuture%
    plan(multisession, workers = 2)

    library(progressr)
    handlers(global = TRUE)
    handlers("progress")

    my_fcn <- function(xs) {
      p <- progressor(along = xs)
      foreach(x = xs) %dofuture% {
        Sys.sleep((10.0-x)/2)
        p(sprintf("x=%g", x))
        sqrt(x)
      }
    }

    y <- my_fcn(1:10)
    # / [================>-----------------------------]  40% x=2

For existing code using the traditional `%dopar%` operators of the foreach package, we can register the doFuture adapter and use the same progressr as above to report progress updates;

    library(doFuture)
    registerDoFuture()      ## %dopar% parallelizes via future
    plan(multisession, workers = 2)

    library(progressr)
    handlers(global = TRUE)
    handlers("progress")

    my_fcn <- function(xs) {
      p <- progressor(along = xs)
      foreach(x = xs) %dopar% {
        Sys.sleep((10.0-x)/2)
        p(sprintf("x=%g", x))
        sqrt(x)
      }
    }

    y <- my_fcn(1:10)
    # / [================>-----------------------------]  40% x=2

### future_map() - parallel purrr::map()

Here is an example that uses `future_map()` of the furrr package to parallelize on the local machine while at the same time signaling progression updates:

    library(furrr)
    plan(multisession, workers = 2)

    library(progressr)
    handlers(global = TRUE)
    handlers("progress")

    my_fcn <- function(xs) {
      p <- progressor(along = xs)
      future_map(xs, function(x) {
        Sys.sleep((10.0-x)/2)
        p(sprintf("x=%g", x))
        sqrt(x)
      })
    }

    y <- my_fcn(1:10)
    # / [================>-----------------------------]  40% x=2

Note: This solution does not involve the `.progress = TRUE` argument that furrr implements. Because progressr is more generic and because `.progress = TRUE` only supports certain future backends and produces errors on non-supported backends, I recommend to stop using `.progress = TRUE` and use the progressr package instead.

### BiocParallel::bplapply() - parallel lapply()

Here is an example that uses `bplapply()` of the BiocParallel package to parallelize on the local machine while at the same time signaling progression updates:

    library(BiocParallel)
    library(doFuture)
    register(DoparParam())  ## BiocParallel parallelizes via %dopar%
    registerDoFuture()      ## %dopar% parallelizes via future
    plan(multisession, workers = 2)

    library(progressr)
    handlers(global = TRUE)
    handlers("progress")

    my_fcn <- function(xs) {
      p <- progressor(along = xs)
      bplapply(xs, function(x) {
        Sys.sleep((10.0-x)/2)
        p(sprintf("x=%g", x))
        sqrt(x)
      })
    }

    y <- my_fcn(1:10)
    # / [================>-----------------------------]  40% x=2

### plyr::llply(..., .parallel = TRUE) with doFuture

Here is an example that uses `llply()` of the plyr package to parallelize on the local machine while at the same time signaling progression updates:

    library(plyr)
    library(doFuture)
    registerDoFuture()      ## %dopar% parallelizes via future
    plan(multisession, workers = 2)

    library(progressr)
    handlers(global = TRUE)
    handlers("progress")

    my_fcn <- function(xs) {
      p <- progressor(along = xs)
      llply(xs, function(x, ...) {
        Sys.sleep((10.0-x)/2)
        p(sprintf("x=%g", x))
        sqrt(x)
      }, .parallel = TRUE)
    }

    y <- my_fcn(1:10)
    # / [================>-----------------------------]  40% x=2

Note: As an alternative to the above, recommended approach, one can use `.progress = "progressr"` together with `.parallel = TRUE`. This requires plyr (>= 1.8.7).

### Near-live versus buffered progress updates with futures

As of August 2025, there are six types of future backends that are known(*) to provide near-live progress updates:

1. `sequential`,
2. `multicore`,
3. `multisession`, and
4. `cluster` (local and remote)
5. `future.callr::callr`
6. `future.mirai::mirai_multisession`

Here "near-live" means that the progress handlers will report on progress almost immediately when the progress is signaled on the worker. This is because these parallel backends handle the special condition class `immediateCondition` - they detect when such conditions are signaled and relay them to the parent R process as soon as possible. For all other future backends, the progress updates are only relayed back to the main machine and reported together with the results of the futures. For instance, if `future_lapply(X, FUN)` chunks up the processing of, say, 100 elements in `X` into eight futures, we will see progress from each of the 100 elements as they are done when using a future backend supporting "near-live" updates, whereas we will only see those updates flushed eight times when using any other types of future backends.

(*) Other future backends may gain support for "near-live" progress updating later. Adding support for those is independent of the progressr package. Feature requests for adding that support should go to those future-backend packages.