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<codeBook ID="ddi2-ef0cf890-f532-0138-e5de-0242ac1d0007-cps_00160.dat-cps.ipums.org" version="2.5" xmlns="ddi:codebook:2_5" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="ddi:codebook:2_5 http://www.ddialliance.org/Specification/DDI-Codebook/2.5/XMLSchema/codebook.xsd">
  <docDscr>
    <citation>
      <titlStmt>
        <titl>Codebook for an IPUMS-CPS Data Extract</titl>
        <subTitl>DDI 2.5 metadata describing the extract file  'cps_00160.dat'</subTitl>
        <IDNo>ddi2-ef0cf890-f532-0138-e5de-0242ac1d0007-cps_00160.dat-cps.ipums.org</IDNo>
      </titlStmt>
      <rspStmt>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Minnesota">IPUMS</AuthEnty>
      </rspStmt>
      <prodStmt>
        <producer abbr="IPUMS" affiliation="University of Minnesota" role="Documentation">IPUMS</producer>
        <prodDate date="2023-07-10">July 10, 2023</prodDate>
        <prodPlac>IPUMS, 50 Willey Hall, 225 - 19th Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55455</prodPlac>
      </prodStmt>
      <distStmt>
        <contact URI="https://ipums.org" affiliation="University of Minnesota">IPUMS</contact>
      </distStmt>
    </citation>
  </docDscr>
  <stdyDscr>
    <citation>
      <titlStmt>
        <titl>User Extract cps_00160.dat</titl>
      </titlStmt>
      <rspStmt>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Minnesota">IPUMS</AuthEnty>
      </rspStmt>
      <prodStmt>
        <producer abbr="IPUMS" affiliation="University of Minnesota" role="Documentation">IPUMS</producer>
        <prodDate date="2023-07-10">July 10, 2023</prodDate>
        <prodPlac>IPUMS, 50 Willey Hall, 225 - 19th Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55455</prodPlac>
      </prodStmt>
      <distStmt>
        <contact URI="https://ipums.org" affiliation="University of Minnesota">IPUMS</contact>
      </distStmt>
      <serStmt>
        <serName abbr="cps">IPUMS CPS</serName>
        <serInfo>DOI:10.18128/D030.V10.0</serInfo>
      </serStmt>
      <verStmt>
        <version date="2023-07-10"/>
      </verStmt>
    </citation>
    <stdyInfo>
      <subject>
        <topcClas vocab="IPUMS">Technical Variables -- HOUSEHOLD</topcClas>
        <topcClas vocab="IPUMS">Linking Variables -- HOUSEHOLD</topcClas>
        <topcClas vocab="IPUMS">Geographic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD</topcClas>
        <topcClas vocab="IPUMS">Technical Variables -- PERSON</topcClas>
        <topcClas vocab="IPUMS">Linking Variables -- PERSON</topcClas>
        <topcClas vocab="IPUMS">Demographics Variables -- PERSON</topcClas>
        <topcClas vocab="IPUMS">Education Variables -- PERSON</topcClas>
        <topcClas vocab="IPUMS">Income Variables -- PERSON</topcClas>
        <topcClas vocab="IPUMS">Migration Variables -- PERSON</topcClas>
        <topcClas vocab="IPUMS">Disability Variables -- PERSON</topcClas>
      </subject>
      <sumDscr ID="sdatref-2912">
        <timePrd date="2016-03" event="single">2016-03</timePrd>
        <nation abbr="us">United States</nation>
      </sumDscr>
      <notes><![CDATA[Additional notes on a sample that is part of this study:  IPUMS-CPS, ASEC 2016
]]></notes>
    </stdyInfo>
    <dataAccs>
      <useStmt>
        <confDec required="no"><![CDATA[None]]></confDec>
        <contact URI="http://cps.ipums.org/" affiliation="IPUMS">IPUMS-CPS</contact>
        <citReq><![CDATA[Publications and research reports based on the IPUMS-CPS database must cite it appropriately. The citation should include the following:

Sarah Flood, Miriam King, Renae Rodgers, Steven Ruggles, J. Robert Warren and Michael Westberry. Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, Current Population Survey: Version 10.0 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2022. https://doi.org/10.18128/D030.V10.0

The licensing agreement for use of IPUMS-CPS data requires that users supply us with the title and full citation for any publications, research reports, or educational materials making use of the data or documentation. Please add your citation to the IPUMS bibliography: http://bibliography.ipums.org/]]></citReq>
        <conditions><![CDATA[Users of IPUMS-CPS data must agree to abide by the conditions of use. A user's license is valid for one year and may be renewed.  Users must agree to the following conditions:

(1) No fees may be charged for use or distribution of the data.  All persons are granted a limited license to use these data, but you may not charge a fee for the data if you distribute it to others.

(2) Cite IPUMS appropriately.  For information on proper citation,  refer to the citation requirement section of this DDI document.

(3) Tell us about any work you do using the IPUMS.  Publications, research  reports, or presentations making use of IPUMS-CPS should be added to our  Bibliography. Continued funding for the IPUMS depends on our ability to  show our sponsor agencies that researchers are using the data for productive  purposes.

(4) Use it for GOOD -- never for EVIL.]]></conditions>
        <disclaimer>The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.</disclaimer>
      </useStmt>
    </dataAccs>
    <notes><![CDATA[User-provided description:  Reproducing cps00015]]></notes>
  </stdyDscr>
  <fileDscr ID="ExtractData">
    <fileTxt>
      <fileName>cps_00160.dat</fileName>
      <fileCont>Microdata records</fileCont>
      <fileStrc type="rectangular"/>
      <fileType charset="ISO-8859-1">ISO-8859-1 data file</fileType>
      <format>fixed length fields</format>
      <filePlac>IPUMS, 50 Willey Hall, 225 - 19th Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55455</filePlac>
    </fileTxt>
  </fileDscr>
  <dataDscr>
    <var ID="YEAR" dcml="0" files="ExtractData" intrvl="contin" name="YEAR">
      <location EndPos="4" StartPos="1" width="4"/>
      <labl>Survey year</labl>
      <txt><![CDATA[YEAR reports the year in which the survey was conducted.  YEARP is repeated on person records.]]></txt>
      <codInstr><![CDATA[CodesYEAR is a 4-digit numeric value.]]></codInstr>
      <concept vocab="IPUMS">Technical Variables -- HOUSEHOLD</concept>
      <varFormat schema="other" type="numeric"/>
    </var>
    <var ID="SERIAL" dcml="0" files="ExtractData" intrvl="contin" name="SERIAL">
      <location EndPos="9" StartPos="5" width="5"/>
      <labl>Household serial number</labl>
      <txt><![CDATA[SERIAL is an identifying number unique to each household in a given survey month and year.  All person records are assigned the same serial number as the household record they follow.  A combination of YEAR, MONTH, and SERIAL provides a within-sample unique identifier for every household in IPUMS-CPS; YEAR, MONTH, SERIAL, and PERNUM uniquely identify every person within a single sample.

SERIAL is a new value generated for IPUMS-CPS and should not be confused with the household serial number created by the Census Bureau and included in the original CPS data.]]></txt>
      <codInstr><![CDATA[CodesSERIAL is a 5-digit numeric variable.]]></codInstr>
      <concept vocab="IPUMS">Technical Variables -- HOUSEHOLD</concept>
      <varFormat schema="other" type="numeric"/>
    </var>
    <var ID="MONTH" dcml="0" files="ExtractData" intrvl="discrete" name="MONTH">
      <location EndPos="11" StartPos="10" width="2"/>
      <labl>Month</labl>
      <txt><![CDATA[MONTH indicates the calendar month of the CPS interview.]]></txt>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>01</catValu>
        <labl>January</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>02</catValu>
        <labl>February</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>03</catValu>
        <labl>March</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>04</catValu>
        <labl>April</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>05</catValu>
        <labl>May</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>06</catValu>
        <labl>June</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>07</catValu>
        <labl>July</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>08</catValu>
        <labl>August</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>09</catValu>
        <labl>September</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>10</catValu>
        <labl>October</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>11</catValu>
        <labl>November</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>12</catValu>
        <labl>December</labl>
      </catgry>
      <concept vocab="IPUMS">Technical Variables -- HOUSEHOLD</concept>
      <varFormat schema="other" type="numeric"/>
    </var>
    <var ID="CPSID" dcml="0" files="ExtractData" intrvl="contin" name="CPSID">
      <location EndPos="25" StartPos="12" width="14"/>
      <labl>CPSID, household record</labl>
      <txt><![CDATA[CPSID is an IPUMS-CPS defined variable that uniquely identifies households across CPS samples. The first six digits of CPSID index the four-digit year and two-digit month that the household was first in the CPS. CPSID allows users to link a household record across samples, based on the 4-8-4 rotation pattern, by assigning a unique CPSID value based on a combination of household identifiers. CPSID will only ever appear for a maximum of 8 times, which is the number of times a household may be observed in the CPS survey (as indexed by MISH). In some cases, a household will appear fewer than 8 times due to migration, mortality, non-response, and recording errors. CPSID Extensive documentation about the creation of CPSID is available elsewhere.

CPSID may also be used to link ASEC respondents who are in the March Basic Monthly file to other months of CPS data. This linking is made possible by IPUMS through the creation of MARBASECIDP. Users should note that ASEC oversample households (as indicated by ASECOVERH) will always have a CPSID value of 0.

Users may also want to see CPSIDP for more information about linking individuals across time using a person-specific version of CPSID.]]></txt>
      <codInstr><![CDATA[CodesCPSID is a 14-digit numeric variable.]]></codInstr>
      <concept vocab="IPUMS">Linking Variables -- HOUSEHOLD</concept>
      <varFormat schema="other" type="numeric"/>
    </var>
    <var ID="ASECFLAG" dcml="0" files="ExtractData" intrvl="discrete" name="ASECFLAG">
      <location EndPos="26" StartPos="26" width="1"/>
      <labl>Flag for ASEC</labl>
      <txt><![CDATA[ASECFLAG indicates whether the respondent is part of the ASEC or the March Basic. This variable is useful for users who wish to distinguish ASEC and March Basic files in their extracts. See further information about the ASEC versus the March Basic Monthly Files.]]></txt>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>1</catValu>
        <labl>ASEC</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>2</catValu>
        <labl>March Basic</labl>
      </catgry>
      <concept vocab="IPUMS">Technical Variables -- HOUSEHOLD</concept>
      <varFormat schema="other" type="numeric"/>
    </var>
    <var ID="ASECWTH" dcml="4" files="ExtractData" intrvl="contin" name="ASECWTH">
      <location EndPos="37" StartPos="27" width="11"/>
      <labl>Annual Social and Economic Supplement Household weight</labl>
      <txt><![CDATA[ASECWTH is a household-level weight that should be used to generate statistics about households in March Annual Social and Economic (ASEC) Supplement data. The CPS uses a complex stratified sampling scheme, and ASECWTH must be used to produce unbiased household-level statistics from the IPUMS-CPS ASEC data. For analyses of non-ASEC data, researchers should use HWTFINL. For individual-level analyses, researchers should use WTFINL, ASECWT, or EARNWT. 

ASECWTH generally has the same value as WTSUPP for the household head or reference person. Vacant housing units and households that could not be interviewed due to residents' absence or refusal to participate have a value of zero in HWTSUPP; such sampled units were included in the public use CPS data beginning in 1988. 

Estimates on the entire population are prepared by projecting forward the resident population from the last available census. These projections are derived by updating the demographic census data from a number of other data sources that account for death, births and net migration. About 3 years after every census (i.e. 2003 for the 2000 Census and 2013 for the 2010 Census), the Census Bureau updates its independent population control and provides a new weight for the relevant years.

Two important points should be noted here. First, the lag between when the Census is conducted and when the CPS weights are updated is about 3 years. While the Census data are being processed, the CPS files are made available using the weighting scheme from the US Census prior to the latest Census. Second, once the files are updated, the old weights become obsolete and are replaced in the IPUMS data extract system. Published estimates from the lag years that use the old weights are not always updated. For example, 2010 poverty estimates were released in ASEC using the 2000 population controls. Once the 2010 population controls were made available, IPUMS-CPS replaced the ASEC 2010, 2011, and 2012 weights that are based on the 2000 population control with weights that are based on the 2010 population controls.

IPUMS-CPS makes available only the most up-to-date weights. The old values are available here: Old SPM and Weights Values.]]></txt>
      <codInstr><![CDATA[CodesASECWTH is a 10-digit numeric variable with four implied decimals.  That is, 1234567890 should be interpreted as 123456.7890.  The IPUMS command files automatically divide ASECWTH by 10,000, so no further adjustment is needed.]]></codInstr>
      <concept vocab="IPUMS">Technical Variables -- HOUSEHOLD</concept>
      <varFormat schema="other" type="numeric"/>
    </var>
    <var ID="STATEFIP" dcml="0" files="ExtractData" intrvl="discrete" name="STATEFIP">
      <location EndPos="39" StartPos="38" width="2"/>
      <labl>State (FIPS code)</labl>
      <txt><![CDATA[STATEFIP identifies the household's state of residence, using the Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) coding scheme, which orders the states alphabetically.

In 1973-1975 ASEC samples, all households in the Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove, CA METAREA are coded as Michigan-Wisconsin for STATEFIP in the original data. As there is insufficient geographic information in the public use data to determine which variable is in error, this mistake has been left un-recoded.]]></txt>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>01</catValu>
        <labl>Alabama</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>02</catValu>
        <labl>Alaska</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>04</catValu>
        <labl>Arizona</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>05</catValu>
        <labl>Arkansas</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>06</catValu>
        <labl>California</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>08</catValu>
        <labl>Colorado</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>09</catValu>
        <labl>Connecticut</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>10</catValu>
        <labl>Delaware</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>11</catValu>
        <labl>District of Columbia</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>12</catValu>
        <labl>Florida</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>13</catValu>
        <labl>Georgia</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>15</catValu>
        <labl>Hawaii</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>16</catValu>
        <labl>Idaho</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>17</catValu>
        <labl>Illinois</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>18</catValu>
        <labl>Indiana</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>19</catValu>
        <labl>Iowa</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>20</catValu>
        <labl>Kansas</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>21</catValu>
        <labl>Kentucky</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>22</catValu>
        <labl>Louisiana</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>23</catValu>
        <labl>Maine</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>24</catValu>
        <labl>Maryland</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>25</catValu>
        <labl>Massachusetts</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>26</catValu>
        <labl>Michigan</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>27</catValu>
        <labl>Minnesota</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>28</catValu>
        <labl>Mississippi</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>29</catValu>
        <labl>Missouri</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>30</catValu>
        <labl>Montana</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>31</catValu>
        <labl>Nebraska</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>32</catValu>
        <labl>Nevada</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>33</catValu>
        <labl>New Hampshire</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>34</catValu>
        <labl>New Jersey</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>35</catValu>
        <labl>New Mexico</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>36</catValu>
        <labl>New York</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>37</catValu>
        <labl>North Carolina</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>38</catValu>
        <labl>North Dakota</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>39</catValu>
        <labl>Ohio</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>40</catValu>
        <labl>Oklahoma</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>41</catValu>
        <labl>Oregon</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>42</catValu>
        <labl>Pennsylvania</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>44</catValu>
        <labl>Rhode Island</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>45</catValu>
        <labl>South Carolina</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>46</catValu>
        <labl>South Dakota</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>47</catValu>
        <labl>Tennessee</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>48</catValu>
        <labl>Texas</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>49</catValu>
        <labl>Utah</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>50</catValu>
        <labl>Vermont</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>51</catValu>
        <labl>Virginia</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>53</catValu>
        <labl>Washington</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>54</catValu>
        <labl>West Virginia</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>55</catValu>
        <labl>Wisconsin</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>56</catValu>
        <labl>Wyoming</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>61</catValu>
        <labl>Maine-New Hampshire-Vermont</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>65</catValu>
        <labl>Montana-Idaho-Wyoming</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>68</catValu>
        <labl>Alaska-Hawaii</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>69</catValu>
        <labl>Nebraska-North Dakota-South Dakota</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>70</catValu>
        <labl>Maine-Massachusetts-New Hampshire-Rhode Island-Vermont</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>71</catValu>
        <labl>Michigan-Wisconsin</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>72</catValu>
        <labl>Minnesota-Iowa</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>73</catValu>
        <labl>Nebraska-North Dakota-South Dakota-Kansas</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>74</catValu>
        <labl>Delaware-Virginia</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>75</catValu>
        <labl>North Carolina-South Carolina</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>76</catValu>
        <labl>Alabama-Mississippi</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>77</catValu>
        <labl>Arkansas-Oklahoma</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>78</catValu>
        <labl>Arizona-New Mexico-Colorado</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>79</catValu>
        <labl>Idaho-Wyoming-Utah-Montana-Nevada</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>80</catValu>
        <labl>Alaska-Washington-Hawaii</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>81</catValu>
        <labl>New Hampshire-Maine-Vermont-Rhode Island</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>83</catValu>
        <labl>South Carolina-Georgia</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>84</catValu>
        <labl>Kentucky-Tennessee</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>85</catValu>
        <labl>Arkansas-Louisiana-Oklahoma</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>87</catValu>
        <labl>Iowa-N Dakota-S Dakota-Nebraska-Kansas-Minnesota-Missouri</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>88</catValu>
        <labl>Washington-Oregon-Alaska-Hawaii</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>89</catValu>
        <labl>Montana-Wyoming-Colorado-New Mexico-Utah-Nevada-Arizona</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>90</catValu>
        <labl>Delaware-Maryland-Virginia-West Virginia</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>99</catValu>
        <labl>State not identified</labl>
      </catgry>
      <concept vocab="IPUMS">Geographic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD</concept>
      <varFormat schema="other" type="numeric"/>
      <notes>Case selections:  27 Minnesota, 19 Iowa, 55 Wisconsin, 46 South Dakota, 38 North Dakota</notes>
    </var>
    <var ID="PERNUM" dcml="0" files="ExtractData" intrvl="contin" name="PERNUM">
      <location EndPos="41" StartPos="40" width="2"/>
      <labl>Person number in sample unit</labl>
      <txt><![CDATA[PERNUM numbers all persons within each household consecutively (starting with "1") in the order in which they are listed in the original CPS data.  When combined with YEAR , MONTH, and SERIAL, PERNUM uniquely identifies each person within IPUMS-CPS samples, though not across IPUMS-CPS samples.]]></txt>
      <codInstr><![CDATA[CodesPERNUM is a 2-digit numeric variable.]]></codInstr>
      <concept vocab="IPUMS">Technical Variables -- PERSON</concept>
      <varFormat schema="other" type="numeric"/>
    </var>
    <var ID="CPSIDP" dcml="0" files="ExtractData" intrvl="contin" name="CPSIDP">
      <location EndPos="55" StartPos="42" width="14"/>
      <labl>CPSID, person record</labl>
      <txt><![CDATA[CPSIDP is an IPUMS CPS defined variable that uniquely identifies individuals across CPS samples. The first six digits of CPSIDP index the four-digit year and two-digit month that the household was first in the CPS. CPSIDP allows users to link a respondent appearing with a designated household roster line number (LINENO) across samples, based on the 4-8-4 rotation pattern, by assigning a unique CPSIDP value to this line number. CPSIDP will only ever appear for a maximum of 8 times, which is the number of times a household may be observed in the CPS survey (as indexed by MISH). In some cases, individuals will appear fewer than 8 times due to migration, mortality, non-response, and recording errors. Extensive documentation about the creation of CPSIDP is available elsewhere.

Users should note that it is important to verify CPSIDP linkages with AGE, SEX, and RACE. In some cases CPSIDP will result in erroneous links, which are due to errors in the source data. Cases with the same CPSIDP value may also have inconsistent responses across samples due to errors on the part of the respondent or in recording the response. Ultimately, it is up to the individual researcher to determine the acceptability of the linkages made using CPSIDP. 

CPSIDP may also be used to link ASEC respondents who are in the March Basic Monthly file to other months of CPS data. This linking is made possible by IPUMS through the creation of MARBASECIDP. 

To get started using CPSIDP, users may want to sort their data file by CPSIDP and MISH to create a person-time file. 

Users should take care when including the March Basic or ASEC as part of their linking. Respondents who are part of the ASEC oversample (as indicated by ASECOVERP) have a CPSIDP value of 0. For further information about the relationship between the March Basic and the ASEC, please see our additional documentation.]]></txt>
      <codInstr><![CDATA[CodesCPSIDP is a 14-digit numeric variable.]]></codInstr>
      <concept vocab="IPUMS">Linking Variables -- PERSON</concept>
      <varFormat schema="other" type="numeric"/>
    </var>
    <var ID="ASECWT" dcml="4" files="ExtractData" intrvl="contin" name="ASECWT">
      <location EndPos="66" StartPos="56" width="11"/>
      <labl>Annual Social and Economic Supplement Weight</labl>
      <txt><![CDATA[ASECWT is a person-level weight that should be used in analyses of individual-level CPS supplement data. Since the CPS relies on a complex stratified sampling scheme, it is essential to use one of the provided weighting variables.

Researchers should use WTFINL rather than ASECWT when they wish to conduct person-level analyses of non-ASEC data. EARNWT should be used for any analysis including a small number of person-level variables (EARNWEEK, HOURWAGE, PAIDHOUR, and UNION). Researchers should use ASECWTH for household-level analyses. ASECWTCVD is available for the 2020 ASEC to adjust for nonrandom nonresponse resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.

User Caution: For analyses that include the 2014 ASEC sample, please see the comparability tab.

The ASEC CPS files include two groups of people who are not included in the production of published labor force statistics: (1) members of the armed services, and (2) members of the Hispanic oversample who were interviewed in months other than March. WTFINL and EARNWT assign these groups a value of 0. Both groups are assigned non-zero values in ASECWT.

ASECWT is based on the inverse probability of selection into the sample and adjustments for the following factors: failure to obtain an interview; sampling within large sample units; the known distribution of the entire population according to age, sex, and race; over-sampling Hispanic persons; to give husbands and wives the same weight; and an additional step to provide consistency with labor force estimates from the basic survey. 

Estimates on the entire population are prepared by projecting forward the resident population from the last available census. These projections are derived by updating the demographic census data from a number of other data sources that account for death, births and net migration. About 3 years after every census (i.e. 2003 for the 2000 Census and 2013 for the 2010 Census), the Census Bureau updates its independent population control and provides a new weight for the relevant years.

Two important points should be noted here. First, the lag between when the Census is conducted and when the CPS weights are updated is about 3 years. While the Census data are being processed, the CPS files are made available using the weighting scheme from the US Census prior to the latest Census. Second, once the files are updated, the old weights become obsolete and are replaced in the IPUMS data extract system. Published estimates from the lag years that use the old weights are not always updated. For example, 2010 poverty estimates were released in ASEC using the 2000 population controls. Once the 2010 population controls were made available, IPUMS-CPS replaced the ASEC 2010, 2011, and 2012 weights that are based on the 2000 population control with weights that are based on the 2010 population controls. IPUMS-CPS makes available only the most up-to-date weights.]]></txt>
      <codInstr><![CDATA[CodesASECWT is a 10-digit numeric variable with four implied decimal places. That is, values of 0012345600 should be interpreted as 1,234.56.  The IPUMS command files automatically divide ASECWT by 10,000, so no further adjustment is needed.]]></codInstr>
      <concept vocab="IPUMS">Technical Variables -- PERSON</concept>
      <varFormat schema="other" type="numeric"/>
    </var>
    <var ID="AGE" dcml="0" files="ExtractData" intrvl="discrete" name="AGE">
      <location EndPos="68" StartPos="67" width="2"/>
      <labl>Age</labl>
      <txt><![CDATA[Age gives each person's age at last birthday.]]></txt>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>00</catValu>
        <labl>Under 1 year</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>01</catValu>
        <labl>1</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>02</catValu>
        <labl>2</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>03</catValu>
        <labl>3</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>04</catValu>
        <labl>4</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>05</catValu>
        <labl>5</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>06</catValu>
        <labl>6</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>07</catValu>
        <labl>7</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>08</catValu>
        <labl>8</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>09</catValu>
        <labl>9</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>10</catValu>
        <labl>10</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>11</catValu>
        <labl>11</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>12</catValu>
        <labl>12</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>13</catValu>
        <labl>13</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>14</catValu>
        <labl>14</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>15</catValu>
        <labl>15</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>16</catValu>
        <labl>16</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>17</catValu>
        <labl>17</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>18</catValu>
        <labl>18</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>19</catValu>
        <labl>19</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>20</catValu>
        <labl>20</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>21</catValu>
        <labl>21</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>22</catValu>
        <labl>22</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>23</catValu>
        <labl>23</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>24</catValu>
        <labl>24</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>25</catValu>
        <labl>25</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>26</catValu>
        <labl>26</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>27</catValu>
        <labl>27</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>28</catValu>
        <labl>28</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>29</catValu>
        <labl>29</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>30</catValu>
        <labl>30</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>31</catValu>
        <labl>31</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>32</catValu>
        <labl>32</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>33</catValu>
        <labl>33</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>34</catValu>
        <labl>34</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>35</catValu>
        <labl>35</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>36</catValu>
        <labl>36</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>37</catValu>
        <labl>37</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>38</catValu>
        <labl>38</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>39</catValu>
        <labl>39</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>40</catValu>
        <labl>40</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>41</catValu>
        <labl>41</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>42</catValu>
        <labl>42</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>43</catValu>
        <labl>43</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>44</catValu>
        <labl>44</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>45</catValu>
        <labl>45</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>46</catValu>
        <labl>46</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>47</catValu>
        <labl>47</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>48</catValu>
        <labl>48</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>49</catValu>
        <labl>49</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>50</catValu>
        <labl>50</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>51</catValu>
        <labl>51</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>52</catValu>
        <labl>52</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>53</catValu>
        <labl>53</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>54</catValu>
        <labl>54</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>55</catValu>
        <labl>55</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>56</catValu>
        <labl>56</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>57</catValu>
        <labl>57</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>58</catValu>
        <labl>58</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>59</catValu>
        <labl>59</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>60</catValu>
        <labl>60</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>61</catValu>
        <labl>61</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>62</catValu>
        <labl>62</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>63</catValu>
        <labl>63</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>64</catValu>
        <labl>64</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>65</catValu>
        <labl>65</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>66</catValu>
        <labl>66</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>67</catValu>
        <labl>67</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>68</catValu>
        <labl>68</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>69</catValu>
        <labl>69</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>70</catValu>
        <labl>70</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>71</catValu>
        <labl>71</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>72</catValu>
        <labl>72</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>73</catValu>
        <labl>73</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>74</catValu>
        <labl>74</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>75</catValu>
        <labl>75</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>76</catValu>
        <labl>76</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>77</catValu>
        <labl>77</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>78</catValu>
        <labl>78</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>79</catValu>
        <labl>79</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>80</catValu>
        <labl>80</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>81</catValu>
        <labl>81</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>82</catValu>
        <labl>82</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>83</catValu>
        <labl>83</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>84</catValu>
        <labl>84</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>85</catValu>
        <labl>85</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>86</catValu>
        <labl>86</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>87</catValu>
        <labl>87</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>88</catValu>
        <labl>88</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>89</catValu>
        <labl>89</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>90</catValu>
        <labl>90 (90+, 1988-2002)</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>91</catValu>
        <labl>91</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>92</catValu>
        <labl>92</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>93</catValu>
        <labl>93</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>94</catValu>
        <labl>94</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>95</catValu>
        <labl>95</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>96</catValu>
        <labl>96</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>97</catValu>
        <labl>97</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>98</catValu>
        <labl>98</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>99</catValu>
        <labl>99+</labl>
      </catgry>
      <concept vocab="IPUMS">Demographics Variables -- PERSON</concept>
      <varFormat schema="other" type="numeric"/>
    </var>
    <var ID="EDUC" dcml="0" files="ExtractData" intrvl="discrete" name="EDUC">
      <location EndPos="71" StartPos="69" width="3"/>
      <labl>Educational attainment recode</labl>
      <txt><![CDATA[EDUC indicates respondents' educational attainment, as measured by the highest year of school or degree completed. Note that completion differs from the highest year of school attendance; for example, respondents who attended 10th grade but did not finish were classified in EDUC as having completed 9th grade. 

EDUC is a combination of two other variables, HIGRADE and EDUC99, which measure educational attainment in different ways.  HIGRADE is available for years prior to 1992 and gives the respondent's highest grade of school or year of college completed.  EDUC99 is available beginning in 1992 and classifies high school graduates according to their highest degree or diploma attained.  

General and detailed codes are not yet available for IPUMS-CPS, but one can construct the general version of EDUC by reading only the first two columns of EDUC.]]></txt>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>000</catValu>
        <labl>NIU or no schooling</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>001</catValu>
        <labl>NIU or blank</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>002</catValu>
        <labl>None or preschool</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>010</catValu>
        <labl>Grades 1, 2, 3, or 4</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>011</catValu>
        <labl>Grade 1</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>012</catValu>
        <labl>Grade 2</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>013</catValu>
        <labl>Grade 3</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>014</catValu>
        <labl>Grade 4</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>020</catValu>
        <labl>Grades 5 or 6</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>021</catValu>
        <labl>Grade 5</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>022</catValu>
        <labl>Grade 6</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>030</catValu>
        <labl>Grades 7 or 8</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>031</catValu>
        <labl>Grade 7</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>032</catValu>
        <labl>Grade 8</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>040</catValu>
        <labl>Grade 9</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>050</catValu>
        <labl>Grade 10</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>060</catValu>
        <labl>Grade 11</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>070</catValu>
        <labl>Grade 12</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>071</catValu>
        <labl>12th grade, no diploma</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>072</catValu>
        <labl>12th grade, diploma unclear</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>073</catValu>
        <labl>High school diploma or equivalent</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>080</catValu>
        <labl>1 year of college</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>081</catValu>
        <labl>Some college but no degree</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>090</catValu>
        <labl>2 years of college</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>091</catValu>
        <labl>Associate's degree, occupational/vocational program</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>092</catValu>
        <labl>Associate's degree, academic program</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>100</catValu>
        <labl>3 years of college</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>110</catValu>
        <labl>4 years of college</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>111</catValu>
        <labl>Bachelor's degree</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>120</catValu>
        <labl>5+ years of college</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>121</catValu>
        <labl>5 years of college</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>122</catValu>
        <labl>6+ years of college</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>123</catValu>
        <labl>Master's degree</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>124</catValu>
        <labl>Professional school degree</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>125</catValu>
        <labl>Doctorate degree</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>999</catValu>
        <labl>Missing/Unknown</labl>
      </catgry>
      <concept vocab="IPUMS">Education Variables -- PERSON</concept>
      <varFormat schema="other" type="numeric"/>
    </var>
    <var ID="INCTOT" dcml="0" files="ExtractData" intrvl="contin" name="INCTOT">
      <location EndPos="80" StartPos="72" width="9"/>
      <labl>Total personal income</labl>
      <txt><![CDATA[INCTOT indicates each respondent's total pre-tax personal income or losses from all sources for the previous calendar year.  Amounts are expressed as they were reported to the interviewer; users must adjust for inflation using Consumer Price Index adjustment factors.]]></txt>
      <codInstr><![CDATA[Codes999999999 = N.I.U.
999999998 = Missing. (1962-1964 only)
Values can be negative.

The Census Bureau applies different disclosure avoidance measures across time for individuals with high income in this variable. Detailed explanations of these methods, topcodes, and replacement value and swap value thresholds are available here.]]></codInstr>
      <concept vocab="IPUMS">Income Variables -- PERSON</concept>
      <varFormat schema="other" type="numeric"/>
    </var>
    <var ID="MIGRATE1" dcml="0" files="ExtractData" intrvl="discrete" name="MIGRATE1">
      <location EndPos="81" StartPos="81" width="1"/>
      <labl>Migration status, 1 year</labl>
      <txt><![CDATA[MIGRATE1 indicates whether the respondent had changed residence in the past year.   Those who were living in the same house as one year ago were considered non-movers and were asked no further questions about migration over the past year.   Movers were asked about the city, county and state and/or the U.S. territory or foreign country where they resided one year ago.

The category "Same house" includes both persons who did not move since the reference date (March 1 of the preceding year) and those who had moved and then returned to their earlier residence. Movers are subdivided into the following categories: those who had moved within the same county; those who had crossed county lines but stayed in the same state; those who those who had resided in a different state; and those who had migrated from abroad.

Information about the state where movers were living one year ago is available in the MIGSTA1 variable.  COUNTRY specifies the foreign country or U.S. territory of previous residence for those who migrated from abroad during the past year. 

In the 2002 ASEC sample, 54 children between the ages of 1 and 3 are coded as NIU in the original data and have been left unrecoded despite not being in line with the universe statement in the original documentation.

User Caution: Frequencies in the 1995 ASEC original CPS data are highly suspect and differ greatly from surrounding years.]]></txt>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>0</catValu>
        <labl>NIU</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>1</catValu>
        <labl>Same house</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>2</catValu>
        <labl>Different house, place not reported</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>3</catValu>
        <labl>Moved within county</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>4</catValu>
        <labl>Moved within state, different county</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>5</catValu>
        <labl>Moved between states</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>6</catValu>
        <labl>Abroad</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>9</catValu>
        <labl>Unknown</labl>
      </catgry>
      <concept vocab="IPUMS">Migration Variables -- PERSON</concept>
      <varFormat schema="other" type="numeric"/>
    </var>
    <var ID="HEALTH" dcml="0" files="ExtractData" intrvl="discrete" name="HEALTH">
      <location EndPos="82" StartPos="82" width="1"/>
      <labl>Health status</labl>
      <txt><![CDATA[HEALTH indicates how respondents rated their current health on a five-point scale, as excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor.]]></txt>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>1</catValu>
        <labl>Excellent</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>2</catValu>
        <labl>Very good</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>3</catValu>
        <labl>Good</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>4</catValu>
        <labl>Fair</labl>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>5</catValu>
        <labl>Poor</labl>
      </catgry>
      <concept vocab="IPUMS">Disability Variables -- PERSON</concept>
      <varFormat schema="other" type="numeric"/>
    </var>
  </dataDscr>
</codeBook>
