# Other Functions

    library(clustAnalytics)

### reduced_mutual_information

The package includes an implementation of Newman’s Reduced Mutual Information (RMI) , a version of the mutual information that is corrected for chance.

    data(karate, package="igraphdata")
    c1 <- membership(cluster_louvain(karate))
    #> This graph was created by an old(er) igraph version.
    #>   Call upgrade_graph() on it to use with the current igraph version
    #>   For now we convert it on the fly...
    c2 <- V(karate)$Faction
    reduced_mutual_information(c1, c2, method="approximation2")
    #> [1] 0.6419582

Just as with the standard mutual information, the RMI can be normalized as well:

    reduced_mutual_information(c1, c2, method="approximation2", normalized=TRUE)
    #> [1] 0.6676487

### barabasi_albert_blocks

The `barabasi_albert_blocks` function produces scale-free graphs using extended versions of the Barabási-Albert model that include a community structure. It generates the graph by iteratively adding vertices to an initial graph and joining them to the existing vertices using preferential attachment (existing higher degree vertices are more likely to receive new edges). Additionally, vertices are assigned labels indicating community membership, and the probability of one vertex connecting to another is affected by their community memberships according to a fitness matrix `B` (if a new vertex belongs to community i, the probability of connecting to a vertex of community j is proportional to B_ij).

The parameters that need to be set are `m` the number of new edges per step, the vector `p` of label probabilities, the fitness matrix `B` (with the same dimensions as the length of `p`), and `t_max` the final graph order. The initial graph `G0` can be set manually, but if not, an appropriate graph will be generated with `m` edges per vertex, labels sampled from `p`, and edge probabilities proportional `B`.

There are two variants of the model. If `type="Hajek"`, new edges are connected with preferential attachment to any existing vertex but using the appropriate values of `B` as weights (see ). If `type="block_first"`, new edges are connected first to a community with probability proportional to the values of `B`, and then a vertex is chosen within that community with regular preferential attachment. In this case, the resulting degree distribution is scale-free (see ).

This is a simple example with just two communities and a graph of order 100 and size 400:

    B <- matrix(c(1, 0.2, 0.2, 1), ncol=2)
    G <- barabasi_albert_blocks(m=4, p=c(0.5, 0.5), B=B, t_max=100, type="Hajek",
                                sample_with_replacement = FALSE)
    plot(G, vertex.color=(V(G)$label), vertex.label=NA, vertex.size=10)

### apply_subgraphs

The `apply_subgraphs` function is used internally in the package, but has also been made available to the user because it can be very convenient when working with clusters. It simply calls a function `f` on each of the communities of a graph (treated as it’s own `igraph` object), acting as a wrapper for the `vapply` function. The communities are given as a membership vector `com`.

For a very simple example, we call it to obtain the order of each of the factions of the karate club graph:

    data(karate, package="igraphdata")
    apply_subgraphs(g=karate, com=V(karate)$Faction, f=gorder)
    #> This graph was created by an old(er) igraph version.
    #>   Call upgrade_graph() on it to use with the current igraph version
    #>   For now we convert it on the fly...
    #> [1] 16 18